Genes are perpetually added to and deleted from genomes during evolution. Thus, it is important to understand how new genes are formed and how they evolve to be critical components of the genetic systems that determine the biological diversity of life. Two decades of effort have shed light on the process of new gene origination and have contributed to an emerging comprehensive picture of how ne...

Many leading doctors and psychologists now speculate that unresolved trauma is responsible for many of the chronic diseases of Western populations. The body learns and then defaults to a maladaptive reaction to stress and becomes unable to maintain normal homeostasis. Trauma also leads to dissociation as a survival mechanism and a splitting of the psyche. Shamanic healers have had their own way...

This paper describes the structure and operation of SouL, or SemanticallyOriented Understanding of Language. SouL is a knowledge intensive reasoning system which is opportunistically used to provide a more thorough, fme grained analysis of an input utterance following its processing by a case-frame speech parser. The SOUL postprocessor relies upon extensive semantic and pragmatic knowledge to c...

Although low-income homeownership programs serving vulnerable families at the lower end of income distribution have been focus housing policy in many countries over past 50 years, little is known about post-origination experiences immigrant participating these programs. Notably absent from extant literature are studies examining sustainability among homebuyers and their susceptibility to fallin...

Organizations need knowledge sharing. However, although many factors influencing the amount of knowledge sharing have been found, the ways in which useful knowledge sharing is initiated and realized is left underexplored. This paper describes ethnographic studies on the realization of the content of knowledge sharing in two industrial research groups. Analyses in line with the grounded theory a...

While the repertoire of protein folds that exists today underlies most of life's capabilities, our mechanistic picture of protein fold origination is incomplete. This paper discusses a hypothetical mechanism for the emergence of the protein fold repertoire from highly dynamic and collapsed peptides, exemplified by peptides with high oil content or hydrophobicity. These peptides are called pluri...

Two experiments were conducted to explore whether children, who have been exposed to the concept of the soul, differentiate the soul from the mind. In the first experiment, 4to 12-year-old children were asked about whether a religious ritual affects the mind, the brain, or the soul. The majority of the children claimed that only the soul was different after baptism. In a follow-up study, 6to 12...

An important allegory throughout the history of philosophy is Plato’s allegory of the cave. There are remarkable similarities between this allegory and an allegory from Islamic philosophy—that of western exile (al-ghurba al-gharbiyya) proposed by Suhrawardī. This paper seeks to consider fundamental components and issues within the two allegories, including the issue of the soul as the ...