The chicken is a foundational model for immunology research and continues to be a valuable animal for insights into immune function. In particular, the bursa of Fabricius can provide a useful experimental model of the development of B lymphocytes. Furthermore, an understanding of avian immunity has direct practical application since chickens are a vital food source. Recent work has revealed som...

Forty seven cases of prepatellar bursitis are reported. Twenty one patients had sustained a recent injury with a break in the skin which had caused the infection and seventeen patients were employed in jobs which involved kneeling. Oral antibiotics proved to be inadequate treatment in many cases. Splintage and intravenous antibiotics with or without aspiration of the bursa were usually successf...

Synthesis and secretion of Ig by chicken lymphoid cells was studied. Both spleen and bursa cells synthesize and secrete IgM and IgG whereas Ig was not detected in thymus cells. In contrast to the spleen cells which synthesize H and L chains in balanced quantities, the bursa cells synthesize and secrete free L chains. In addition to the lymphoid cells which secrete IgM or IgG, the bursa appears ...

Septic bursitis is usually caused by bacterial organisms. However, infectious bursitis caused by fungi is very rare. Herein, we present a 68-year-old woman with long-standing rheumatoid arthritis who developed pain, erythema, and swelling of the right olecranon bursa. Aspiration of the olecranon bursa showed a white blood cell count of 3.1 × 10(3)/μL (41% neutrophils, 30% lymphocytes, and 29% m...

Imaging Findings: MR and US examinations (Figs. 1–4) revealed no signs of rotator cuff tendons or biceps tendon injuries. On MR sequences and on US images we can observe a massive distention of the subacromial bursa, filled with synovial effusion and with multiple loose bodies; such nodules present various signal intensity characteristics at MR examination and result movable at US evaluation. T...

K. Seyrek-Intas1; D. Seyrek-Intas2; K. Failing3; G. Yilmazbas Mecitoglu1; H. Bostedt4 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, Gorukle/Bursa, Turkey; 2Surgery Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, Gorukle/Bursa, Turkey; 3Working Group for Biomathematics, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany; 4Klinik für Geburtshi...

An alloantigen is a genetically determined cell-surface molecule detected by specific antisera. An identifying letter has been assigned to each genetic locus responsible for the 12 distinct families of alloantigens: A, B, C, D, E, H, I, J, K, L, P, and R. The genes of each system segregate independently of the other systems, except that the A and E are very closely linked (0.5 centimorgans). Se...

Reproductive traits experience high levels of selection because of their direct ties to fitness, often resulting in rapid adaptive evolution. Much of the work in this area has focused on male reproductive traits. However, a more comprehensive understanding of female reproductive adaptations and their relationship to male characters is crucial to uncover the relative roles of sexual cooperation ...

OBJECTIVES To clarify the functional status of the articularis genus muscle (AGM) in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA) and to analyze the muscle's relationship with knee OA. METHODS Fifty-two individuals with knee OA (mean age, 73.4 years), 50 elderly individuals without knee OA changes (mean age, 71.2 years) and 75 young individuals (mean age, 20.2 years) were observed the AGM using ...

Suprapatellar bursa is located between the quadriceps tendon and femur, and it develops before the birth as a separate synovial compartment proximal to the knee joint. By the fifth month of fetal life there is a suprapatellar septum between the knee joint cavity and suprapatellar bursa which later perforates and involutes in a way that a normal communication between the cavity of bursa and knee...