The disturbances of oro-facial functions lead to abnormal growth & development of the oro-facial complex. The objective of the study was to compare the tongue position in different antero-posterior skeletal pattern i.e. Class II & Class III. Using four parameter, tongue length, tongue height, relation of palatal plane to tongue and pharyngeal wall to tongue. Samples size was calculated using Co...

Cryosurgery is a therapeutical method that uses freezing to obtain a tissue inflammatory and/or a destructive response. It has been successfully used for many cutaneous conditions. Its use is increasing for several conditions in the oral cavity. The oral mucosa, because of its characteristics of humidity and smoothness, is an ideal site for this technique. It shows a very good esthetic result a...

Cleft lip and palate being most common is congenital deformity and also present with many syndrome condition. Child with CL/P face difficulty in early breast feeding due to improper lip seal and nasal regurgitation, thus compromising nutrition of new born. Patient with oro-facial cleft deformity needs to be treated at right time and at right age to achieve functional and esthetic wellbeing. The...

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is arguably the most serious and potential irreversible side effect of antipsychotic medication. Traditionally first generation antipsychotics are the neuroleptics considered to have higher risk of TD as compared to second and third generation antipsychotics. Aripiprazole is a third-generation antipsychotic with a novel mechanism of action. Risk of developing TD with use...

The inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) of humans is known to play a critical role in speech production. The IFG is a highly convoluted and cytoarchitectonically diverse structure, classically forming three sub-gyri. It is reasonable to speculate that during speaking the IFG, or some portion of it, influences via cortico-cortical connections the oro-facial representational area of primary motor cortex...

Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a rare, hereditary, congenital disorder inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern and is characterised by cranio-facial, skeletal and oro-dental malformations. The typical patient is short, presents a brachiocephalic skull with bossing of the frontal and parietal bones. Cephalic sutures and fontanelles exhibit delayed closure. The mid-face is hypoplastic, givin...

The mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (Me5) innervates muscle spindles and is responsible for receiving and transmitting proprioception from the oro-facial region. Molecular mechanisms underlying the development of the Me5 are poorly understood. Evidence is provided here that transcription factor Drg11 is required for Me5 development. Drg11 was expressed in the Me5 cells of the embryonic and ear...

BACKGROUND An interdisciplinary team approach concept has been proposed for management of oro-facial cleft in the last two decades. Our objective was to evaluate the practice of the team approach concept and practices of the specialists involved in oro-facial cleft care in Africa. MATERIALS AND METHODS A snapshot survey was conducted among the attendees of the 2 nd Pan-African Congress on Cle...

BACKGROUND Cleft palate craniofacial teams have evolved across the globe in the last 20 years in compliance with the interdisciplinary concept of management of oro-facial clefts. An interdisciplinary care allows a coordinated treatment protocol for the patient. The objective of this study was to evaluate oro-facial cleft care in Nigeria with particular emphasis on the compliance of the practiti...