Child labor was more prevalent in 19th-century industrializers than it is in developing countries today. It was particularly extensive in the earliest industrializers. This pattern may be a source of optimism signaling the spread of technologies that have little use for child labor and of values that endorse the preservation and protection of childhood. Today and historically, orphaned and fath...

The HIV epidemic is lowering fertility in sub-Saharan Africa. This decline in fertility appears to reflect a fall in the demand for children, and not any adverse physiological consequences of the disease, as it is matched by changes in the expressed preference for children and the use of contraception, and is not significantly correlated with biological markers of sub-fecundity. A fall in ferti...

Substantial resources are invested in psychological support for children orphaned or otherwise made vulnerable in the context of HIV/AIDS (OVC). However, there is still only limited scientific evidence for greater psychological distress amongst orphans and even less evidence for the effectiveness of current support strategies. Furthermore, programmes that address established mechanisms through ...

The artistic interpretation of the theme social orphanhood in contemporary literature for children and young people is a reaction by writers to phenomena affecting child. In this article, I explore representation Ukrainian people. note that works complement tradition depicting orphans world literature. paper goes on analyse plots about who become as result labour migration parents, define range...

The relevance of the topic is explained by fact that in modern conditions citizens Russia need to turn traditional values, such as Russian patriotism, service Fatherland and respon- sibility for its fate, historical memory, continuity generations, unity peoples Federation. All these values were demonstrated Soviet multinational people during Great Patriotic War. Thus, military builders Battle K...