This article describes a Windows program that enables users to obtain a broad range of statistics concerning the properties of word and nonword stimuli, including measures of word frequency, orthographic similarity, orthographic and phonological structure, age of acquisition, and imageability. It is designed for use by researchers in psycholinguistics, particularly those concerned with recognit...

This article describes a Windows program that enables users to obtain a broad range of statistics concerning the properties of word and nonword stimuli in Spanish, including word frequency, syllable frequency, bigram and biphone frequency, orthographic similarity, orthographic and phonological structure, concreteness, familiarity, imageability, valence, arousal, and age-of-acquisition measures....

The aim of this study was to examine the influence of an abstract code (orthographic and/or morphophonemic) on the perception of the sounds in French spoken words. For this purpose, we used words whose surface phonology was not congruent either with both orthographic and morphophonemic codes or with orthographic code alone. Experiment 1 showed that the processing of spoken word is affected by a...

There is a great deal of interest in characterizing the representations and processes that support visual word priming and written word identification more generally. On one view, these phenomena are supported by abstract orthographic representations that map together visually dissimilar exemplars of letters and words (e.g., the letters A/a map onto a common abstract letter code a*). On a secon...

This study was designed to investigate orthographic effects on spoken word recognition by combining the priming paradigm with a measure of event-related brain potentials (ERPs). Primes and targets either shared both orthography and phonology of the rhyme (beef-reef) or they shared rhyme phonology only (leaf-reef). The two "related" conditions were compared against an "unrelated" condition (sick...

Orthographic varieties are common in the Japanese language, and represent a serious problem for Japanese information retrieval (IR), as IR systems run the risk of missing documents that contain variant forms of the search term. We propose two different strategies for handling orthographic varieties: pronunciation or yomi-based indexing and “Fuzzy Querying”, comparing katakana terms based on edi...

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) relies on three resources: audio, orthographic transcriptions and a pronunciation dictionary. The dictionary or lexicon maps orthographic words to sequences of phones or phonemes that represent the pronunciation of the corresponding word. The quality of a speech recognition system depends heavily on the dictionary and the transcriptions therein. This paper pre...

A long-standing debate in reading research is whether printed words are perceived in a feedforward manner on the basis of orthographic information, with other representations such as semantics and phonology activated subsequently, or whether the system is fully interactive and feedback from these representations shapes early visual word recognition. We review recent evidence from behavioral, fu...

Languages differ widely in the conventions they use to signal named entities. Spanish, French, and English use the case distinction of the modern Roman alphabet to indicate proper names, and upper case is a fairly good indicator of a proper name. The situation is quite different in German, where upper case is a poor cue. In traditional Chinese scholarly works, certain proper names are indicated...

Words with many orthographic neighbors elicit a larger N400 than words with few orthographic neighbors. This has been interpreted as stronger overall semantic activation due to orthographic neighbors activating their semantic representations. To investigate this claim, we manipulated the number of associates of words (NoA), a variable directly affecting overall semantic activation, and compared...