Integration of a larger stiff system initial value problems emerging from chemical kinetics models requires method that is both efficient and accurate, with large absolute stability region. To determine the solutions ordinary differential equations help in explaining chemically reactive flows, numerical integration methodology known as 3-point variable step block hybrid has been devised. An app...

We develop a bimodal force microscopy method to map the three-dimensional force fields and their time-evolution on a variety of solid-water interfaces. The force maps show an oscillatory decaying force perpendicular to the solid surface with a 0.3 nm periodicity. The technique enables the three-dimensional imaging and mapping of the hydration layers and forces on mica and protein GroEL surfaces...

Stiff-knee gait is a prevalent, debilitating consequence of cerebral palsy in which swingphase knee flexion is substantially diminished. Approximately 3 out of every 1,000 children manifest one or more of the symptoms of cerebral palsy (CDC, 2004). Stiff knee gait results in a number of related gait problems including tripping and foot-dragging due to inadequate toe clearance (Sutherland and Da...