In explaining osmotic movement of water. it is customary in plant physiology to regard water movement between cells as taking place along gradients of diffusion pressure deficit or suction force. Efforts to describe water movement quantitatively are based on the assumption that the rate of water movement between two cells should be proportional to the difference between the diffusion pressure d...

Osmotic forces and solute diffusion are increasingly seen as playing a fundamental role in cell movement. Here, we present a numerical method that allows for studying the interplay between diffusive, osmotic and mechanical effects. An osmotically active solute obeys a advection-diffusion equation in a region demarcated by a deformable membrane. The interfacial membrane allows transmembrane wate...

PURPOSE To quantify spontaneous fluid transport across the isolated ciliary bodies of rabbit and bovine and to determine their osmotic permeabilities. METHODS A complete annulus of ciliary body was mounted in a custom-designed chamber appropriate for detecting net fluid movement across the in vitro preparation. RESULTS A net fluid flow in the blood-to-aqueous direction was measured. It was ...

We investigate the financial and real implications of corporate cash holdings over different capital market conditions in the period 1972-2008. A recent theoretical work implies that the value of corporate liquidity varies with the supply of external capital and should be higher during market-wide liquidity shocks. We find that for an average firm a marginal dollar in cash holdings has the same...

The mechanical behavior of compressible clay soils may be strongly influenced by physicochemical effects when concentrated pore fluids are introduced to the soil. Conceptual models have been used to explain the influence of pore fluid chemistry on the mechanical behavior of clays in a qualitative way. In this paper an alternate macroscopic description of the osmotic volume change behavior of a ...

Three-dimensional (3D) ac electro-osmotic (ACEO) pumps have recently been developed that are much faster and more robust than previous planar designs. The basic idea is to create a "fluid conveyor belt" by placing opposing ACEO slip velocities at different heights. Current designs involve electrodes with electroplated steps, whose heights have been optimized in simulations and experiments. Here...