A model for self-propulsion of a colloidal particle--the osmotic motor--immersed in a dispersion of "bath" particles is presented. The nonequilibrium concentration of bath particles induced by a surface chemical reaction creates an osmotic pressure imbalance on the motor causing it to move. The ratio of the speed of reaction to that of diffusion governs the bath particle distribution which is e...

The forward osmosis (FO) process was suggested as a pretreatment to multi-stage flashing (MSF) plant reduce the environmental impact of brine discharge and chemicals used. Yet, there is no study investigating performance FO MSF using tertiary sewage effluent (TSE) feed solution. Combining with TSE generates considerable permeation flux, reducing membrane area capital cost. This evaluated for in...

Chronic stress, as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, has been reported to result in elevated plasma neuropeptide Y (NPY) and be highly associated with abnormal cardiac autonomic function. This study aimed to explore the effect of NPY on the chronic stress-induced abnormal baroreceptor reflex sensitivity (BRS). Seven types of recognized stressors were used to develop chronic stress rat ...

background: recurrent abortion is defined as three or more consecutive pregnancy losses. we aimed to determine the relationship between male sperm parameters and hypo-osmotic swelling score and recurrent abortion. we also studied whether washing of spermatozoa and intrauterine insemination in patients with recurrent miscarriage and low score hypo-osmotic swelling test in male partners could imp...

Emerging evidence indicates that adolescence represents a developmental window of enhanced nicotine-induced neuroplasticity in rat forebrain. However, whether nicotine produces age-dependent structural alteration of neurons from medial prefrontal cortex remains to be determined. We characterized the dendritic morphology of layer V pyramidal neurons from prelimbic cortex following adolescent (P2...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Pretreatment with angiotensin II AT(1) receptor antagonists protects against cerebral ischemia. We studied whether modulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and morphometric changes in brain arteries participated in this protective mechanism. METHODS We pretreated adult spontaneously hypertensive rats with equally antihypertensive doses of candesartan (0.1 or 0.3 mg/kg pe...