The continual cycle of bone formation and resorption is carried out by osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts under the direction of the bone-signaling pathway. In certain situations the host cycle of bone repair is insufficient and requires the assistance of bone grafts and their substitutes. The fundamental properties of a bone graft are osteoconduction, osteoinduction, osteogenesis, and st...

The edentulism of the jaws and the periodontal disease represent conditions that frequently leads to disruption of the alveolar bone. The loss of the tooth and of its bone of support lead to the creation of crestal defects or situation of maxillary atrophy. The restoration of a functional condition involves the use of endosseous implants who require adequate bone volume, to deal with the mastic...

The participation of endogenous BMP-2 in the process of ectopic osteoinduction by rhBMP-2 implanted into rat muscles was investigated using immunohistochemistry, immunoelectron microscopy, in situ hybridization and real-time RT-PCR. Our results suggested that not only implanted exogenous rhBMP-2 but also endogenous BMP-2 produced by osteogenic and/or chondrogenic cells participates in the rapid...

Implant therapy can lead to peri-implantitis, and none of the methods used to treat this inflammatory response have been predictably effective. It is nearly impossible to treat infected surfaces such as TiUnite (a titanium oxide layer) that promote osteoinduction, but finding an effective way to do so is essential. Experiments were conducted to determine the optimum irradiation power for stripp...

Introduction Scaffolds fabricated from silk have shown good osteoinduction. However, the mechanical properties were insufficient to match native bone. We previously investigated the effects of mineral incorporation (by coating as well as embedding into the silk phase) as a method to enhance mechanical properties of porous silk scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Based on encouraging results ...

The topic of bone marrow lesions has been more widely discussed in recent years, especially in the knee literature. One such procedure to treat this pathology is back-filling the lesion with bone substitute materials, calcium phosphate (CaP), as just one example. This technique uses the principle of osteoconduction, CaP mimicking the composition of subchondral bone and creating a scaffold for b...

A unique protein that promotes ectopic osteoinduction in the rat has been isolated and characterized. Osteoinductive factor (OIF) was extracted from the organic matrix of bovine bone with 4 M guanidine HCl and purified by gel filtration, ion-exchange chromatography, affinity chromatography, and reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography. OIF is a glycoprotein with an apparent molecul...

There are four characteristics that an ideal bone graft material should exhibit which include: (i) osteointegration, the ability to chemically bond to the surface of bone without an intervening layer of fibrous tissue;1 (ii) osteoconduction, the ability to support the growth of bone over its surface;1 (iii) osteoinduction, the ability to induce differentiation of pluripotential stem cells from ...