The production costs of government are public expenditures on the goods and services which uses. These include compensation for employees (i.e. wages) purchases (e.g. supplies schools hospitals). They do not spending that does involve a purchase good or service social welfare, unemployment benefits other transfers). Outsourcing is portion used to buy from entities outside government, i.e. priva...

Increasingly, firms are outsourcing their processes. Outsourcing regards not only peripheral activities but portions of key activities as well. Outsourcing is a pervasive phenomenon that often overlaps, and interferes with, the strategic decision to define a firm’s boundaries. By outsourcing phases of R&D processes, for example, firms may lose their know-how concerning the production of core pr...

a r t i c l e i n f o JEL classification: F14 F23 L14 Keywords: Intra-firm trade Vertical integration Export processing Outsourcing This paper examines the determinants of vertical integration versus outsourcing in export processing, by exploiting the coexistence of two export processing regimes in China, which designate by law who owns and controls the imported components. Based on a variant o...

Management of risks that emanate from offshore IT-enabled services outsourcing is a key challenge in the IT management area in current times. These new risks need to be addressed through the development of new risk management frameworks and methods. This paper proposes a risk management approach for offshore business process outsourcing based on the principles of high reliability organizations ...

This paper studies an integrated optimization problem on outsourcing and production decisions in the context of the global supply chain and China’s export-oriented tax policies. A three-stage decision model is proposed for this integrated optimization problem. A crossentropy-based solution method is also developed to solve the three-stage decision model. Numerical experiments are performed to i...

123 In the last several years, offshore outsourcing of software development has grown considerably. As just 1 Jeanne Ross was the accepting Senior Editor for this article. 2 The authors would like to thank the staff of the companies who participated in the research for their generous time and insight into the uncharted territory of offshore software development. We would especially like to than...

This paper reports on an empirical study of the multidimensionality of partnership quality in IT outsourcing arrangements and the relationships between these dimensions of partnership quality. A two-phase national survey was conducted to collect empirical data to confirm the dimensions of partnership quality in an IT outsourcing arrangement from the client organisation perspective and to identi...

Past studies in the IT outsourcing area have examined the management of IT outsourcing relationships from a variety of perspectives. The present paper extends this line of research. In this study, we take a multi-theoretic perspective to explore factors that determine the duration of continuing IT outsourcing relationships between vendor and client firms. Five ex-ante and two expost factors tha...

The trend toward production outsourcing has created powerful contract manufacturers (CMs) in many industries. In the presence of a powerful, strategic CM in a setting where both the CM and the buyer (original equipment manufacturer [OEM]) learn by doing, the OEM may choose to engage in several interesting strategies, including partial outsourcing (the simultaneous employment of internal product...

In IT Outsourcing, strategic alignment between a customer and an IT outsourcing provider is very important. This article uses resource-based theory, social capital theory, and organizational learning theory to analyze the relationship between a customer and a provider in IT services Outsourcing context. Based on the former analysis, this article applies a strategic alignment model for managing ...