Primary Sphincter Mechanism Incompetence (PSMI) (idiopathic incontinence, hormone-responsive incontinence) is the most common and important acquired cause of incontinence in dogs. It largely is a condition of spayed female dogs, but in some breeds incontinence may precede ovariohysterectomy (OHE). Decreases in maximal urethral closure pressure and functional urethral length predictably occur du...

Spaying (ovariectomy or ovariohysterectomy) has been shown to reduce unwanted pregnancies, prevent pyometra and decrease the risk of mammary gland tumors in female dogs and cats. However, increased tendency to develop obesity may occur in either species. In dogs, an increased incidence of certain cancers, aggressiveness, sedentary behavior, and urinary incontinence may develop after spaying. Th...

Laparoscopic ovariohysterctomy is considered as an appropriate substitute for open procedure because of the less morbidity associated with its use (Austin et al., 2003). Smaller incision, less complication and decreased post-operative pain are main advantages of laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy (Davidson et al., 2004). Ovariectomy in pig is a very common surgical procedure in Mizoram. People in ...

Abstract An adult female intact rabbit presented through a 24‐h emergency service for exhibiting signs of stage 1 labour over 5 h. Physical examination findings, delayed progression to 2 and diagnostic imaging were consistent with dystocia multiple fetuses present. A laparotomy was performed, during which an en bloc ovariohysterectomy performed after discovery ∼180° counterclockwise uterine tor...

Background: Pyometra or cystic endometrial hyperplasia complex in dogs is a hormonally mediated bacterial disease wherein middle-aged bitches are most affected. The current study was carried out pyometra-affected to determine the alterations hormonal, histopathological and haemato-biochemical profiles after 14 days of ovariohysterectomy. Methods: Blood samples were collected both from control (...

Pyometra is a potentially life threatening condition which requires an early diagnosis to conserve the life of the animal. The evaluation of the clinical status of the animal affected helps in predicting the prognosis. A study was conducted with female dogs diagnosed with pyometra forming the affected group (n=35) andfemale dogs presented for ovariohysterectomy forming the control group (n=12)....