in the present work, a simple and sensitive method was developed for determination of morphine and heroin using gold nanoparticles as resonance rayleigh scattering (rrs) and colorimetric technique’s probe. synthesized gold nanoparticles by sodium citrate reduction method have a negative charge layer on their surfaces because of self-assembled citrate anions on their surface. binding of morphin...

abstract objectives gradual increase length and complexity of utterance (gilcu) therapy method is a form of operant conditioning. this type of treatment is very precise and controlled that is done in 54 steps in 3 speech situations consisted of monologue, reading and conversation. this study aimed to examine the effects of gilcu treatment method on reduction of speech dysfluency of school-age...

Background and Aim: Annually, a percentage of the profits from the sale of goods and services by producers are spent on costs of musculoskeletal disorders due to non-compliance with ergonomic conditions. These costs are not favorable for organizations and employees and in most cases, ergonomic risk factors affect the quality of life of employees. Methods: The present field study was conducted ...

Background and purpose: Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders are the most prevalent work- related disorders and the main cause of disability among workers. Also these disorders are the main cause of absence from work and losing work hours and lead to reduction of productivity. Materials & Methods This cross–sectional analytical study was done on 100 workers of Sorak tobacco factory sele...

Background and Objective: Regarding high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among bakery workers and due to lack of information concerning posture analyzing, this study was carried out to identify working postures precisely in order to revise their work stations. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study 334 Araki bakery workers were randomly selected. The data was collec...