1. The respiration and aerobic glycolysis of pig ciliary processes in oxygenated phosphate and bicarbonate buffers have been investigated. 2. Significant amounts of lactic acid are produced only in the presence of added glucose, but this does not change the endogenous respiration rate. 3. Succinate and citrate increase the oxygen uptake considerably, but pyruvate has almost no effect; oxaloacet...

Defining how extramitochondrial high-energy phosphate acceptors influence the rates of heart oxidative phosphorylation is essential for understanding the control of myocardial respiration. When the production of phosphocreatine is coupled to electron transport via mitochondrial creatine kinase, the net reaction can be expressed by the balanced equation: creatine + Pi----phosphocreatine + H2O. T...

Although phlorizin appears clearly capable of inhibiting respiration and diminishing the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation (l), the possibility remains that these effects are secondary to a general nonspecific alteration of mitochondrial structure rather than to a single specific inhibition somewhere in the chain of enzymes and coenzymes concerned in oxidative metabolism. For instance, th...

Cardiac ischemia damages the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Irreversible blockade of electron transport at complex I by rotenone decreases ischemic damage to cardiac mitochondria by decreasing the loss of cytochrome c and preserving respiration through cytochrome oxidase. Therapeutic intervention to protect myocardium during ischemia and reperfusion requires the use of a reversible inh...

In a complex enzymatic sequence the site of action of substrates and inhibitors is clearly marked by the way they affect the steady state concentrations of the components of the system (1). Antimycin A, for example, inhibits respiration in the succinic oxidase system (2) and at the same time increases the steady state reduction of cytochrome b and decreases that of cytochromes c, a, and aa (3)....

Previous studies in this laboratory have revealed inhibitory effects of various basic compounds on adenosine triphosphat,ase systems associated with active cation transport (l-7). During the course of preliminary investigation of a mitochondrial ATPase preparation (8), it was found t’hat very low concentrations of highly purified histone fractions increased ATPase activity in a manner similar t...

The effects of cortisone treatment on oxygen consumption, oxidative phosphorylation, and fine structure of rat liver mitochondria have been studied. Male rats weighing 125 g were treated for 6 days with 5 mg of cortisone acetate or isotonic saline. On the 7th day, sections of liver were excised and processed for light and electron microscopy. Mitochondrial respiration and oxidative phosphorylat...

Some investigations have been done on the relationships between the swelling-shrinkage change, oxygen consumption and state of oxidation-reduction of pyridine nucleotides of mitochondria, and between the swelling-shrinkage change of mitochondrial structure by Ca2+ and accumlation of Ca45 in rat liver mitochondria. A parallel relationship is observed between the Ca2+ induced swelling and Ca2+ ac...

UNLABELLED MTOR complex-1(mTORC1) activation occurs frequently in cancers, yet clinical efficacy of rapalogs is limited because of the associated activation of upstream survival pathways. An alternative approach is to inhibit downstream of mTORC1; therefore, acquired resistance to fludarabine (Flu), a purine analogue and antimetabolite chemotherapy, active agent for chronic lymphocytic leukemia...

Although much progress has been made towards understanding the ripening of non-climacteric fruit using the strawberry as a model plant, the defined molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, RNA-sequencing was performed using four cDNA libraries around the onset of ripening, and a total of 31,793 unigenes and 335 pathways were annotated including the top five pathways, which were involved in ri...