normal 0 false false false en-us x-none ar-sa microsoftinternetexplorer4 background: epidemic levels of obesity and overweight in today's world are leading to a higher number of mortality and morbidity, especially due to cardiovascular diseases (cvds). body fat distribution contributes a great amount to atherosclerosis formation and therefore increased cvd incidence. the present study used the ...

The choline oxidase was first described by Bernheim and Bernheim (1). Later it was shown (2) that choline at pH 6.7 was oxidized to betaine aldehyde which was then only slowly oxidized further, whereas at pH 7.8 the oxidation proceeded rapidly to betaine. This indicated that betaine aldehyde was oxidized by another enzyme system, and Klein and Handler (3) were able to show that its oxidation re...

Murine macrosialin (MS), a scavenger receptor family member, is a heavily glycosylated transmembrane protein expressed predominantly in macrophage late endosomes. MS is also found on the cell surface where it is suggested, on the basis of ligand blotting, to bind oxidized LDL (oxLDL). Here we report on the regulation of MS by an atherogenic high-fat diet and oxLDL, and on the inability of MS in...

Endogenous energy stores are continuously oxidized for fuel . Triglyceride present in adipose tissue is the major fuel reserve in the body and is critical for survival during periods of starvation (Table 15-1) . The high energy density and hydrophobic nature of triglycerides make it a fivefold better fuel per unit mass than glycogen . Triglycerides liberate 9 .3 kcal/g when oxidized and are com...

Macrophage apoptosis in advanced atheromata, a key process in plaque necrosis, involves the combination of ER stress with other proapoptotic stimuli. We show here that oxidized phospholipids, oxidized LDL, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), and lipoprotein(a) trigger apoptosis in ER-stressed macrophages through a mechanism requiring both CD36 and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). In vivo, macrophage apop...

The aim of our study was to analyze the relationships between atherosclerosis and endothelin-converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1). Four-week-old C57BL/6J [wild-type (WT)] and apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE) mice were fed with a standard or Western-type fat diet for 8 wks. ApoE showed atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta, higher blood pressure and vascular lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein r...

BACKGROUND Small apolipoprotein A (apo [A]) phenotypes and oxidized low-density lipoprotein immune complexes (oxLDL-ICs) are known to be associated with the development of atherosclerosis in adults. Presence of these factors in children and their relationships with other known cardiovascular risk factors have not been well documented. OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship of oxLDL-ICs with ap...

Six subjects exercised for 120 min on a cycle ergometer (65 (se 3) % VO2max) when ingesting a placebo or glucose, fructose or galactose (100 g in 1000 ml water) labelled with 13C. The oxidation of energy substrates including exogenous hexoses was compared using indirect respiratory calorimetry and 13CO2 production at the mouth. Total carbohydrate progressively decreased and total fat oxidation ...

The respective oxidation of glycerol and glucose (0.36 g/kg each) ingested simultaneously immediately before exercise (120 min at 68 +/- 2% maximal oxygen uptake) was measured in six subjects using (13)C labeling. Indirect respiratory calorimetry corrected for protein and glycerol oxidation was used to evaluate the effect of glucose + glycerol ingestion on the oxidation of glucose and fat. Over...