The transition from forward smoldering to flaming in polyurethane foam is observed using indepth thermocouples and ultrasound probing. The experiments are conducted with small parallelepiped samples vertically placed in an upward wind tunnel. Three of the vertical sample sides are maintained at elevated temperature and the fourth is exposed to an upward oxidizer flow and a radiant heat flux. An...

The use of scanning electrochemical microscopy, a high-resolution chemical imaging technique, to probe the distribution and mobility of solutes in articular cartilage is described. In this application, a mobile ultramicroelectrode is positioned close ( approximately 1 microm) to the cartilage sample surface, which has been equilibrated in a bathing solution containing the solute of interest. Th...

Whey protein coatings and cast films are promising for use as food packaging materials. Ongoing research is endeavoring to reduce their permeability. The intention of this study was to evaluate the effect of the reactive additives sodium sulfite, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and urea on the oxygen barrier, water vapor barrier, and protein solubility of whey protein cast films. The concentratio...

Advances in design of materials for solid oxide fuel cells, oxygen and hydrogen separation membranes, catalysts biofuel conversion into syngas are reviewed. Application new efficient techniques material synthesis characterization their atomic-scale structure, transport properties, reactivity allowed to develop types cathodes anodes asymmetric supported oxygen, membranes with high permeability s...

Apple cider, with (0.1%) and without potassium sorbate, was packaged in 3 different materials to evaluate the effects of irradiation (2 kGy) and storage on flavor. Irradiated apple cider samples were compared with unirradiated samples stored in glass jars. Volatile flavor compounds, soluble solids, and titratable acidity were determined weekly throughout 3 wk of refrigerated storage. Oxygen per...

Polysaccharides constitute an important source of raw materials for the packaging industry today. Polysaccharides have good natural barrier properties which are necessary for packaging films. Cellulose is the forerunner among renewable polymers for such applications. Hemicelluloses represent a new interesting breed of barrier materials. We have chosen to work with the hemicellulose O-acetylgala...

Dietary enrichment with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has numerous beneficial effects on health. However, the intake of high doses of polyunsaturated fatty acids can promote lipid peroxidation and the subsequent propagation of oxygen radicals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of DHA on lipid peroxidation and tight junction structure and permeability in Caco-2 cell cultures. Mor...

Impairment of endothelial barrier function is implicated in many vascular and inflammatory disorders. One prevalent mechanism of endothelial dysfunction is an increase in reactive oxygen species under oxidative stress. Previous reports have demonstrated that hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), a highly stable reactive oxygen species that modulates physiological signaling pathways, also enhances endot...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Nortriptyline, an antidepressant, was identified as a strong inhibitor of mitochondrial permeability transition by our screening of a library of 1040 drugs. Because mitochondrial permeability transition and consequent mitochondrial dysfunction have been implicated in acute neuronal death, we proposed to investigate the possible neuroprotective effects of nortriptyline in ...