contact dermatitis is an inflammatory reaction of the skin and mucosa to either external or internal factors. it can be divided to two forms of irritant contact dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis. nickel is one of the most common materials that causes allergic contact dermatitis and is widely used in orthodontic appliances. the inflammatory reaction to this metal in orthodontics is usua...

Atopic dermatitis mainly covers the period of infancy to adulthood, an important period in the development of an individual. The impairment of quality of life and the psychological wellbeing of children with atopic dermatitis have been well documented but so far no data exist about the impact of atopic dermatitis in childhood on fulfilling age-specific developmental tasks and achieving developm...

Permanent cardiac-pacemaker therapy is widely recognized as beneficial in the treatment of various types of symptomatic bradycardia. However, the seasonal distribution of pacemaker implantation has never been discussed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the seasonal distribution of pacemaker implantation in a large population of patients with symptomatic bradycardia. The study popula...

Hand dermatitis is common in workers in the horticultural industry. This study determined the prevalence of hand dermatitis in workers of Alstroemeria cultivation, investigated how many workers had been sensitized by tulipalin A (the allergen in Alstroemeria) and took stock of a wide range of determinants of hand dermatitis. The 12-month period prevalence of major hand dermatitis amounted to 29...

conclusions mothers with sle should be screened and closely followed up during pregnancy for the development of fetal atrioventricular (av) block. case presentation a term infant with fetal bradycardia, detected at the 23rd gestational age, was diagnosed with chb due to nls and was successfully treated with a permanent epicardial pacemaker. the patient was reported here due to rarity of the pro...

the prevalence of atopic disease in recent decades has been dramatically increased. it has been suggested that bcg vaccination may protect against development of allergic diseases. the purpose of this study was to identifying relation between scar of bcg vaccine and atopy. this cross-sectional study was done in 1000 children, 10-15 years of age, in zanjan city. one thousand children (501 girls ...

The accuracy with which a circadian pacemaker can entrain to an environmental 24-h zeitgeber signal depends on (a) characteristics of the entraining signal and (b) response characteristics and intrinsic stability of the pacemaker itself. Position of the sun, weather conditions, shades, and behavioral variations (eye closure, burrowing) all modulate the light signal reaching the pacemaker. A sim...

Circadian pacemaker neurons contain a molecular clock that oscillates with a period of approximately 24 hr, controlling circadian rhythms of behavior. Pacemaker neurons respond to visual system inputs for clock resetting, but, unlike other neurons, have not been reported to transmit rapid signals to their targets. Here we show that pacemaker neurons are required to mediate a rapid behavior. The...