The present investigation aims at numerically simulating the temporal energy transport for incompressible ~ows through a packed bed[ The governing equations are formulated according to the volume averaging method[ The generalized momentum equation which accounts for the inertial and viscous forces was used to carry out this research\ whereas the two!energy equation model was used for simulating...

A linear knife grid device was developed for first-stage size reduction of high- and low-moisture switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), a tough, fibrous perennial grass being considered as a feedstock for bioenergy. The size reduction is by a shearing action accomplished by forcing a thick packed bed of biomass against a grid of sharp knives. The system is used commercially for slicing forages for...

Packed beds are essentially heterogeneous on a pellet scale. For random packed beds this heterogeneity causes a statistical character both on a pellet and bed scale. We discuss experimental results which deal with bed-scale statistics. For packed beds on a laboratory scale, the results indicate that the beclscale statistical behaviour introduces a spread up to a factor of three in correlations ...

The Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) was used for simulation of a gas flow and conjugate heat transfer in fixed packed beds with solid particles inside. D2Q9 version of the Factorized Central Moment (FCMLBM) is used for a gas flow computation. Heating transfer in the bed is described by second distribution function set and multiple relaxation time lattice Boltzmann method (DDF MRT LBM) is used. N...

Laccase was immobilized on granular activated carbon (GAC) and the resulting GAC-bound laccase was used to degrade four micropollutants in a packed-bed column. Compared to the free enzyme, the immobilized laccase showed high residual activities over a broad range of pH and temperature. The GAC-bound laccase efficiently removed four micropollutants, namely, sulfamethoxazole, carbamazepine, diclo...

The particle pressure is the surface force that is exerted due to the motion of particles and their interactions. This paper describes measurements of the particle pressure exerted on the sidewall of a gas-fluidized bed. As long as the bed remains in a packed state, the particle pressure decreases with increasing gas velocity as progressively more of the bed is supported by fluid forces. It app...

The use of air cleaning systems to reduce ammonia emissions from animal houses is increasing. These systems are normally used in order to comply with local or national regulations of ammonia emission. Therefore, accurate determination of the proportion of ammonia being removed by these systems is crucial. There are two main methods available to measure ammonia removal efficiency of scrubbers: a...

The purpose of the study is to investigate average and local surface heat transfer coefficients in a cylinder packed with spheres. Here the term «local» applies to a single sphere within the bed. Averages are derived from the sixteen different spheres that were instrumented and distributed throughout the bed. The experimental technique consisted of introducing a step - wise change in the temper...