the steady state effect of vertical fins is assessed on a photovoltaic/thermal solar air heater having a double pass configuration in which fins are placed in the lower channel perpendicular to the direction ofair flow. air passes through the upper channel of the air heater and before passing in the opposite direction through the lower channel. the effects of design, climatic and operating para...

Contrary to the previous premise that pelvic fins lacked obvious function, recent work on three-dimensional fin motions suggests that pelvic fins actively control stability and speed in slowly swimming trout. This study used electromyography to measure pelvic fin muscle activity and particle imaging velocimetry to quantify flow along the ventral body region to test this hypothesis. Fish swam at...

We describe a fabrication process which forms InGaAs fins with sub 10nm thickness and 180nm height. The process flow requires no semiconductor dry-etch, thereby avoiding surface damage arising from such processes. Instead, InGaAs fins are formed using nanometer controlled atomic layer epitaxial growth, using tertiarybutylarsine, upon InP sidewall which are eventually selectively etched. Such fi...

In gnathostomes, limb buds arise from the lateral plate mesoderm at discrete positions along the body axis. Specification of these limb-forming fields can be subdivided into several steps. The lateral plate mesoderm is regionalized into the anterior lateral plate mesoderm (ALPM; cardiac mesoderm) and the posterior lateral plate mesoderm (PLPM). Subsequently, Hox genes appear in a nested fashion...

Psilorhynchus sucatio (Hamilton) is redescribed based on the examination of 462 specimens, 13-67 mm standard length (SL). Psilorhynchus nudithoracicus Tilak & Husain is redescribed based on the examination of 97 specimens, 10-68 mm SL. Psilorhynchus gracilis Rainboth is placed in the synonymy of P nudithoracicus. Psilorhynchus hamiltoni, a new species and a member of the P. balitora species gro...

Heat and mass transfer, in this paper, is considered in one-row heat exchanger, that fins are hotter than air flow and water is added to fins. Related governing equations are derived by analyzing a two-dimension model in a unique cell of a heat exchange. These equations are numerically solved by finite difference method. Heat transfer and efficiency under partially wet surface are calculated by...

Barbatula restricta, new species, is described from the Saldan-Kol Lake in the upper Ob River drainage in the Altai Mountains. It is distinguished from all other species of Barbatula in Asia by its body depth increasing continuously between the nape and the dorsal-fin origin and a combination of characters: nares widely spaced, upper lip with a short medial incision, lower lip without lateral e...

Contiguous graphite fins can be grown with Microwave Plasma CVD from the surface of different types of thermally conductive (TC), graphite fibers. The fins grow from all fiber filaments in multiple same TC graphite fiber tow bundles. Fin morphology consists of contiguous branching graphene basal planes originating from the fiber’s surface and curling outwards regardless of the fiber’s isotropic...

The biomechanics of animal limbs has evolved to meet the functional demands for movement associated with different behaviors and environments. Effective movement relies not only on limb mechanics but also on appropriate mechanosensory feedback. By comparing sensory ability and mechanics within a phylogenetic framework, we show that peripheral mechanosensation has evolved with limb biomechanics,...

Many animals maneuver superbly underwater using their pectoral appendages. These animals range from sunfish, which have flexible, low aspect ratio fins, to penguins, which have relatively stiff, high aspect ratio wings. Biorobotics is a means of gaining insight into the mechanisms these animals use for maneuvering. In this study, experiments were carried out with models of abstracted penguin wi...