Intelligence is considered the strongest single predictor of scholastic achievement. However, little is known regarding the predictive validity of well-established intelligence tests for school grades. We analyzed the predictive validity of four widely used intelligence tests in German-speaking countries: The Intelligence and Development Scales (IDS), the Reynolds Intellectual Assessment Scales...

This study aims to explore the attitudes and perceptions of the students and instructors towards the speaking test at a School of Foreign Languages. For this purpose, the data were collected through questionnaires delivered to two groups of participants. The first group was composed of 210 students who were asked to assess their perceptions and attitudes about the speaking test as pre-, while a...

In adverse listening conditions, talkers can increase their intelligibility by speaking clearly[45, 55, 42]. While producing clear speech, however, talkers often reduce their speaking rate significantly[46, 55]. A recent study[28] showed that speaking slowly is not responsible for the high intelligibility of clear speech, since talkers can produce clear speech at normal rates with training. Thi...

The testing effect is the finding that retrieval practice can enhance recall on future tests. One unanswered question is whether first-test response mode (writing or speaking the answer) affects final-test performance (and whether final-test response mode itself matters). An additional unsettled issue is whether written and oral recall lead to differences in the amount recalled. In three experi...

OBJECTIVE To describe the methodology utilized to calculate reliability and the generation of norms for 10 neuropsychological tests for children in Spanish-speaking countries. METHOD The study sample consisted of over 4,373 healthy children from nine countries in Latin America (Chile, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Puerto Rico) and Spain. Inclusion criteria fo...

The study focused on the comparative correlative Test Rubrics Used as Benchmarks in Assessing International English Language Testing System (IELTS) and of a Foreign (TOEFL) Speaking Skills. To carry out this project, researcher searched for IELTS TOEFL candidates recruited finally selected 37 male female who took both standard tests various reasons. statistical results obtained (mainly Pearson&...

the present study was conducted to compare the effect of individual and group pre-task planning on efl learners’ accuracy and complexity in speaking. to fulfill the purpose of the study, 60 intermediate female learners at the first grade of high school were chosen by means of a sample preliminary english test (pet) and randomly divided into two experimental groups of 30 students; the individual...

Existing speaking tests only require nonnative speakers to engage in dialogue when the assessment is done by humans. This paper examines the viability of using off-the-shelf systems for spoken dialogue and for speech grading to automate the holistic scoring of the conversational speech of non-native speakers of English.