We investigated the potential use of EMG recordings from voluntary shoulder muscles in individuals with C5 spinal cord injury to automatically control the stimulation to paralyzed shoulder muscles in a taskappropriate manner. A musculoskeletal model of the human shoulder and elbow was used in simulation to train an artificial neural network (ANN) to automatically generate appropriate stimulatio...

BACKGROUND The human lumbosacral spinal circuitry can generate rhythmic motor output in response to different types of inputs after motor-complete spinal cord injury. OBJECTIVE To explore spinal rhythm generating mechanisms recruited by phasic step-related sensory feedback and tonic posterior root stimulation when provided alone or in combination. METHODS We studied stepping in 4 individual...

BACKGROUND Experimental studies have shown that in myelomeningocele, the primary malformation is neural tissue damage resulting from exposure of neural tissue to amniotic fluid. In this study, the effects of amniotic fluid on histopathologic changes of exposed spinal cord in fetal sheep were evaluated. METHODS In an experimental trial, 10 fetal sheep in two groups containing five subjects (gr...

Objective To evaluate the action of vanillin (Vanilla planifolia) on the morphology of tibialis anterior and soleus muscles after peripheral nerve injury. Methods Wistar rats were divided into four groups, with seven animals each: Control Group, Vanillin Group, Injury Group, and Injury + Vanillin Group. The Injury Group and the Injury + Vanillin Group animals were submitted to nerve injury by...

AT a large military hospital in England, between January and July, 1927, I examined five cases of paralysis of one or other of the recti muscles, of the eye following on the use of stovaine as a spinal anaesthetic. Although stovaine has been extensively used as a spinal anaesthetic in this hospital since 1915 there is no record of any case of paralysis of ocular muscles following its use, with ...

This study examined the involvement of spinal mechanisms in the control of coactivation during a sustained contraction of the ankle dorsiflexors at 50% of maximal voluntary contraction. Changes in the surface electromyogram (EMG) of the tibialis anterior and of two antagonist muscles, the soleus and lateral gastrocnemius, were investigated during and after the fatigue task. Concurrently, the co...

At about the 20-30 day of embryonic life "Somites" start to appear. In the middle of the fourth week the dorsal portion of each Somite differentiates into an epithelially­arranged mass of cells called der­momyotome (from which the skin and mus­cles originate).  The lateral part of the sermomyotome then proliferates to form dermatome (from ·which originates the derm and Hypoderm).  The medial ...

STUDY DESIGN Experimental study in animals. PURPOSE Study the clinical behavior of animals after an induced leakage of cement during vertebroplasty in pigs. Study the distribution of polymethylmetacrilate inside the epidural space and prevertebral muscle. Study the histological findings of the spinal cord and muscles, which contact with cement. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE Although vertebroplasty...

Motor neurons (MNs) are the principal neurons in the mammalian spinal cord whose activities cause muscles to contract. In addition to their peripheral axons, MNs have central collaterals that contact inhibitory Renshaw cells and other MNs. Since its original discovery >60 years ago, it has been a general notion that acetylcholine is the only transmitter released from MN synapses both peripheral...