BACKGROUND The sex composition of existing children has been shown to influence childbearing decision-making and behaviors of women and couples. One aspect of this influence is the preference for sons. In India, where son preference is deeply entrenched, research has normally focused on rural areas using cross-sectional data. However, urban areas in India are rapidly changing, with profound imp...

Deliberate injection of faults into cryptographic devices is an effective cryptanalysis technique against symmetric and asymmetric encryption. We will describe a general concurrent error detection (CED) approach against such attacks on symmetric block ciphers using CS-cipher as an example. The proposed CED compares a carefully modified parity of the input plain text with that of the output ciph...

We present a method for directly obtaining the parity of a Gaussian state of light without recourse to photon-number counting. The scheme uses only a simple balanced homodyne technique and intensity correlation. Thus interferometric schemes utilizing coherent or squeezed light and parity detection may be practically implemented for an arbitrary photon flux. Specifically, we investigate a two-mo...

The study of parity-alternating permutations of {1, 2, . . . , n} is extended to permutations containing a prescribed number of parity successions – adjacent pairs of elements of the same parity. Several enumeration formulae are computed for permutations containing a given number of parity successions, in conjunction with further parity and length restrictions. The objects are classified using ...

Due to recent advances in CPU and memory system performance, I/O systems are increasingly limiting the performance of modern computer systems. Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks (RAID) have been proposed by Patterson et al. [1] to meet the impending I/O crisis. RAIDs substitute many small inexpensive disks for a few large expensive disks to provide higher performance (both transfer rate and ...

BACKGROUND Recent studies support a positive relationship between parity and overweight among women of developing countries; however, it is unclear whether these effects vary by household wealth and national development. Our objective was to determine whether the association between parity and overweight [body mass index (BMI) > or =25 kg/m(2)] in women living in developing countries varies wit...

This study compared the reproductive performance of sows that were submitted to cervical artificial insemination (CAI) using concentrations of 3.5 x 10 spermatozoa per dose or intrauterine artificial insemination (IUAI) with 2, 1, or 0.5 x 10 spermatozoa per dose. Within all treatments, females were inseminated either after conventional estrus detection or after ultrasound-guided ovulation diag...

In this paper, we propose an architectural approach, Supplementary Partial Parity (SPP), to addressing the availability issue of parity encoded RAID systems. SPP exploits free storage space and idle time to generate and update a set of partial parity units that cover a subset of disks (or data stripe units) during failure-free and idle/lightly-loaded periods, thus supplementing the existing ful...

BACKGROUND Parity increases the risk for coronary heart disease; however, its association with metabolic syndrome among women in low-income countries is still unknown. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the association between parity or gravidity and metabolic syndrome in rural Bangladeshi women. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in 1,219 women aged 15-75 years from rural Banglad...