Many countries are considering adopting political quotas for under-represented and disadvantaged minorities, but critics of the policy claim that it undermines political competition. Using evidence from India, I examine the impact of mandated political representation for disadvantaged minorities. Aggregate turnout falls by 9% of the baseline, but I find no negative impact on electoral competiti...

Background and Objective: Because COVID-19 has become a pandemic, public health measures to cut off human-to-human transmission may include quarantine and social isolation. This study aims to demonstrate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on demographic variables and their relationship to the level of social participation during the pandemic. Methods: In June 2020, the community integration ...

in iran, new centralization characteristic, especially during pahlavi dynasty, has been convergence and its vast use in bureaucracy. historical sociological studies have consensus on the issues of centralization, power centralization, and political sovereignty in iran; however, these issues have some divisional interruptions and different levels of strength in some parts of the history. this es...

This paper compares the effects that the OBRA93 expansion of the EITC had on the labor force participation of single mothers with two or more children to those on single mothers with only one child. The structure of this expansion allows us to treat it as a natural experiment using difference-indifference techniques. In particular, the difference in the change in labor force participation of si...

BACKGROUND Patient involvement has only recently received attention as a potentially useful approach to patient safety in primary care. OBJECTIVE To summarize work conducted on a scoping review of interventions focussing on patient involvement for patient safety; to develop consensus-based recommendations in this area. METHODS Scoping review of the literature 2006-2011 about methods and eff...

AIM AND OBJECTIVES to understand the purpose, impact and experience of nurse handover from patient and staff perspectives. BACKGROUND poor communication is increasingly recognised as a major factor in healthcare errors. Handover is a key risk point. Little consensus exists regarding the practice in nursing but the trend is towards bedside handover. Research on patient and staff experiences of...

OBJECTIVES To assess the current public participation in-local health policy and its implications through the analysis of policy networks in health center programs. METHODS We examined the decision-making process in sub-health center installations and the implementation process in metabolic syndrome management program cases in two districts ('gu's) of Seoul. Participants of the policy network...

INTRODUCTION Despite increased visibility of clinical trials through international trial registries, patients often remain uninformed of their existence, especially if they do not have access to adequate information about clinical research, including the language of the information. The aim of this study was to describe the context for transparency of clinical trials in Croatia in relation to c...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of the Patient Reporting and Action for a Safe Environment intervention. DESIGN A multicentre cluster randomised controlled trial. SETTING Clusters were 33 hospital wards within five hospitals in the UK. PARTICIPANTS All patients able to give informed consent were eligible to take part. Wards were allocated to the intervention or control condition. INT...