This paper seeks to evaluate the effects of expansionary monetary policy by the central bank on inflation, output and employment in a limited-participation model for different parameters value of inter-temporal elasticity of substitution and the Frisch (inverse of the labor supply) elasticity. To this end, a modified cash in advance model in line with Lucas (1990), Christiano (1991) and F...

The purpose of this research was analyzing factors affecting non-participation of stakeholders in rangeland management projects. The research method was descriptive-correlative design in ranches of Piranshahr rangelands in western Azerbaijan province, Iran. All ranches that studied (Zioke Yurd, Ziuke Mirgah Chaku, Khargedashan Yurd and Gardeh Bon), are utilized in common use manner. Simple rand...

there are some barriers for rangers to take part in range plan projects andevaluation. their participation is very useful for range managers to plan and provide solutionsfor solving problems. this study aims at comparing barriers of participating from rangers andexperts point of view in lar moor rangelands, tehran, iran. in this research, data werecollected based on documentation-library and fi...

To date, user participation in the reasoning processes of expert systems has been largely limited to probing expert reasoning or adding limited information. The user may only ask why the system requested more information and how it arrived at its advice. Research into extending the capabilities of expert systems [1,2,3] has so far failed to recognize the need to permit the full range of interac...

Studies on experts' understanding of the public have mainly focused on the views of scientists. We add to the literature on constructions of the public by analyzing the views of decision-makers, professional science communicators and scientists involved in 'space' communication on the public and public participation in policy. Findings show that contextual situations and roles determine the way...