Charged-particle motion is studied in the self-electric and self-magnetic fields of a well-matched, intense charged-particle beam and an applied periodic solenoidal magnetic focusing field. The beam is assumed to be in a state of adiabatic thermal equilibrium. The phase space is analyzed and compared with that of the well-known Kapchinskij-Vladimirskij (KV)-type beam equilibrium. It is found th...

We have used a high-resolution back-focal-plane detector to make simultaneous measurements of the axial and lateral force constants of a micron-sized particle in a single-beam optical gradient trap. We measure the optical force applied to the trapped particle as a function of the relative index of refraction of particle and medium, the radius of the particle, and the laser beam power. Results a...

Since a photon carries both energy and momentum, when it interacts with a particle, photon-particle energy and momentum transfer occur, resulting in mechanical forces acting on the particle. In this paper we report our theoretical study on the use of a laser beam to manipulate and control the flow of nanofluids in a micro-channel. We calculate the velocity induced by a laser beam for TiO2, Fe2O...

dynamic economic load dispatch is one of the most important roles of power generation’s operation and control. it determines the optimal controls of production of generator units with predicted load demand over a certain period of time. economic dispatch at minimum production cost is one of the most important subjects in the power network’s operation, which is a complicated nonlinear constraine...

Space-charge dominated beams can induce chaotic behavior on particle trajectories leading to halo formation on the beam spot. This causes particle losses along the beam transportation that must be minimized. The fractional losses must be kept below 10/m. This is a very low threshold to check with standard multiparticle codes. To study this kind of problems a new particle simulation approach wil...