The hazard caused by inhaled particles depends on the site at which they deposit within the respiratory system. Knowledge of respiratory aerosol deposition rates and locations is necessary to (1) evaluate potential health effects and establish critical exposure limits and (2) design effective inhaled medications that target specific lung regions. Particles smaller than 10 μm in diameter can be ...

CVD diamond particle detectors are already in use in the CERN experiments ATLAS, CMS, LHCb and ALICE and at various particle accelerator laboratories in USA and Japan. This is a proven technology with high radiation tolerance and very fast signal read-out [1]. It can be used for measuring single-particles as well as for high-intensity particle cascades, for timing measurements on the nanosecond...

Knowledge of particle deposition is relevant in biomedical engineering situations such as computational modeling of aerosols in the lungs and blood particles in diseased arteries. To determine particle deposition distributions, one must track particles through the ¯ow ®eld, and compute each particle's distance to the wall as it approaches the geometric surface. For complex geometries, unstructu...

The characteristics of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and the variation of the gas-particle partitioning of PCDD/Fs near two municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs) located in southern Taiwan were investigated. In order to better understand the mechanism of dry deposition, the atmospheric dry deposition flux and velocity of PCDD/Fs were calculated. It was found...

BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking is a cause of a variety of serious diseases, and to understand the toxicological impact of tobacco smoke in vitro, whole smoke exposure systems can be used. One of the main challenges of the different whole smoke exposure systems that are commercially available is that they dilute and deliver smoke in different ways, limiting/restricting the cross-comparison of biol...

A human nasal cavity was reconstructed from CT scans to make a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model. With this model, fluid flow and inhalation of aerosol analysis can be investigated. The surface of the interior nasal cavity is lined with highly vascularised mucosa which provides a means for direct drug delivery into the blood stream. Typical sprayed particles from a nasal spray device pro...

Assessment of respiratory tract deposition of nanoparticles is a key link to understanding their health impacts. An instrument was developed to measure respiratory tract deposition of nanoparticles in a single breath. Monodisperse nanoparticles are generated, inhaled and sampled from a determined volumetric lung depth after a controlled residence time in the lung. The instrument was characteriz...

Based on the CT (Computerized Tomography) scanned images of a 19-years-old healthy boy, a realistic geometric model of URT from nasal cavity to the upper six-generation bronchial is rebuilt. To investigate airflow and particle deposition in the obtained realistic human upper respiratory tract, RNG k-ε turbulence model was used to describe the primary flow and particle deposition under three bre...

A three-dimensional numerical modelling study of the dispersion of particles emitted from a copper smelter at Rouyn-Noranda, Quebec, was conducted using the BLFMAPS, a mesoscale boundary layer forecast and air pollution prediction system. This numerical modelling system was used to simulate meteorology and air concentration, dry deposition and wet deposition of particulate matter emitted during...

Particle transport phenomena in the deep alveolated airways of the lungs (i.e. pulmonary acinus) govern deposition outcomes following inhalation of hazardous or pharmaceutical aerosols. Yet, there is still a dearth of experimental tools for resolving acinar particle dynamics and validating numerical simulations. Here, we present a true-scale experimental model of acinar structures consisting of...