Background:  To test the psychometric properties of the Persian version of Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI-12) in the Iranian opulation.  Methods: After translating and cultural adaptation of the questionnaire into Persian, 100 caregiver spouses of Iran-Iraq war (1980-88) veterans with chronic spinal cord injury who live in the city of Mashhad, Iran, invited to participate in the study. The Persian...

Beveled Rim Bowls (BRBs) are the most iconic and well-known vessel type of ancient Southwest Asia. Roughly carelessly produced, these conical bowls attested in their thousands at 4th millennium BCE sites from southern Iraq Persian Gulf to highlands eastern Turkey Iran. Questions regarding function relationship with emergent state institutions have stood centre nearly a century debates about nat...

BACKGROUND Due to negligence, Persian (Iranian) traditional medicine has had a weak presence in the world of research for a long time. However, in recent years, a variety of activates by research and faculty centers have created awareness and a platform to introduce and promote Persian medicine to the world. The aim of this study is to present and analyze scientific achievements of Persian medi...

In research on the history of medicine, less attention is paid to the subject of historical geography. Considering the importance of this subject in the history of science, this paper discusses one of the most important science centers in the world. This outstanding medical research center was located in Gorganch city, Chorasmia area, in the Eastern part of the Islamic. Chorasmia medical school...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of the Persian version of Templer Death Anxiety Scale-Extended (DAS-E) in veterans of Iran-Iraq Warfare. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 211 male veterans of Iran-Iraq Warfare completed the 51 item DAS-E. Principal components analysis with varimax rotation was used to assess domain structure of the DAS-E....

the purpose of this article is to determine the phonemic status of [h] and [ʔ] in the sistani dialect of miyankangi. auditory tests applied to the relevant data show that [ʔ] occurs mainly in word-initial position, where it stands in free variation with ø. the only place where [h] is heard is in arabic and persian loanwords, and only in the pronunciation of some speakers who are educated and/or...

The purpose of this article is to determine the phonemic status of [h] and [ʔ] in the Sistani dialect of Miyankangi. Auditory tests applied to the relevant data show that [ʔ] occurs mainly in word-initial position, where it stands in free variation with Ø. The only place where [h] is heard is in Arabic and Persian loanwords, and only in the pronunciation of some speakers who are educated and/or...