Introduction: Lead (Pb) is a neurotoxin that its different effects on the central nervous system are well-known. Previous studies have reported the potent effects of vitamin C on memory.The present study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effects of vitamin C against leadinduced amnesia. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: the control (saline), negative contr...

Diabetes mellitus is accompanied with disturbances in learning, memory, and cognitive skills in the human society and experimental animals. Therefore, this research study was conducted to evaluate time-dependent changes in passive avoidance and Y-maze performance in male diabetic rats. For this purpose, male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control and diabetic groups. For induction of di...

The authors evaluated competing theories that attribute psychopathic individuals' poor passive avoidance to a strong activating system, a weak inhibitory system, or poor modulation of behavioral activation when inhibitory cues appear. In Study 1, the continuous motor task involved a reward phase to elicit the activating system followed by a passive avoidance phase. Study 2 tested the generality...

The hypothesis, partly based on findings in social interactions, that aggressive mice generally adopt an active behavioural strategy (cf. fight-flight) in threatening situations, while non-aggressive ones generally assume a passive strategy (cf. conservation-withdrawal) was tested using a two-way active shock avoidance paradigm. Overall, aggressive mice were found to be better active shock avoi...

Our recent data have indicated that scopolamine, a non-selective muscarinic receptor antagonist, improves memory consolidation, in a passive avoidance task, tested in rats. It has been found that verapamil, a phenylalkylamine class of the L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel antagonist, inhibits [3H] N-methyl scopolamine binding to M1 muscarinic receptors. However, there are no data about t...

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease causing progressive impairment of memory and cognitive function. Streptozotocin (STZ) injection into the brain is known to cause cognitive impairment in rats and is similar to sporadic AD in humans. Several lines of evidence have indicated that an inflammatory process contributes to the pathology of AD. On the basis of the results ...

The aim of this study was to compare the learning performance of Wistar rats in passive avoidance box and open field behavior. Animals were placed in the center of the open field and their behavior was manually recorded for 5 min. Two latency periods, first motion, and exit to the center, the number of inner and outer squares crossed, grooming activity, the number of rearing in the center of th...

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease causing progressive impairment of memory and cognitive function. Streptozotocin (STZ) injection into the brain is known to cause cognitive impairment in rats and is similar to sporadic AD in humans. Several lines of evidence have indicated that an inflammatory process contributes to the pathology of AD. On the basis of the results ...