Consider a mechanical system whose Lagrangian dynamics evolves on a n-dimensional con guration manifold M with its kinetic energy as the Lagrangian and a sumbersion h : M→N from M to a m-dimensional manifold N (n ≥ m). In this paper, we reveal a fundamental property of the mechanical system in this setting s.t. its n-dimensional dynamics can be decomposed into 1) m-dimensional shape system desc...

introduction: preparation of neuromuscular system prior to performing motor skills affects the learning of motor skills. the present study was conducted to investigate the effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (pnf) on limb coordination and accuracy in dart throwing skill. methods: thirty two male students were randomly selected as study sample. based on the pretest scores, the p...

background: the effect of smoking cigarettes is followed by diverse effects on ovaries and developing follicles but the effect of passive smoking on ovarian function is unknown. on the other hand, the ovarian response to induction is a very important step in assisted reproduction. the aim of this study is to compare ovarian response in passive smokers and non-passive smokers in an assisted repr...

iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS • Special thanks go to my family in Egypt, especially my parents. No words can describe what you have been doing for me, and no words can describe how much I love you all. • I would like to sincerely thank my advisor, Dr. George Vachtsevanos, for his constant help and support throughout the doctoral program as an advisor and a father figure. Without your support and advice,...

Potential recordings made simultaneously from opposite ends of the cell indicate that the cytoplasmic compartment of P. caudatum is nearly isopotential. Measured decrements of the spread of steady-state potentials are in essential agreement with calculated decrements for a short cable model of similar dimensions and electrical constants. Action potentials and passively conducted pulses spread a...

Passive velocity field control (PVFC) is a control methodology for fully actuated mechanical systems, in which the motion task is specified behaviorally in terms of a velocity field (as opposed to a timed trajectory), and the closed-loop system is passive with respect to a supply rate given by the environment power input. It is intended for safety critical and coordination intensive application...

Abstract* Introduction: Cannabis consumption during pregnancy may affect fetal growth, motor performance, memory and cognitive functions. Methods: Primiparous pregnant Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups (6 rats per group) consisting of control and sham groups as well as 2 groups treated with Win. Win treated groups received daily s.c. injections of 0.5 or 1 mg/kg WIN ...

AIMS This study aims at identifying the brain activation during actual car-driving on the road, and at comparing the results to those of previous studies on simulated car-driving. METHODS Thirty normal volunteers, aged 20 to 56 years, were divided into three subgroups, active driving, passive driving and control groups, for examination by positron emission tomography (PET) and [18F]2-deoxy-2-...

The ability to attend to an input selectively while ignoring distracting sensations is thought to depend on the coordination of two processes: enhancement of target signals and attenuation of distractor signals. This implies that attending and ignoring may be dissociable neural processes and that they make separable contributions to behavioral outcomes of attention. In this study, we tested the...

Traditionally, research in robotics has focused primarily on control. However, an increasing body of research supports the notion that the structure and mechanical characteristics of the robot body, that is its morphology, play a crucial role in behavior generation and control. The morphology not only determines the kinematics and dynamics of the robot, and thereby the possible repertoire of be...