BACKGROUND This study aimed to determine the clinical efficacy of various immune interventions on mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of hepatitis B virus (HBV). METHODS We retrieved different immune strategies on how to prevent MTCT reported in the literature from Chinese and English electronic databases from the viewpoint of intrauterine and extrauterine prevention. Relative risk (RR) and 9...

Passive immunization of chronically ovariectomized gilts against gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) resulted in an abrupt cessation of pulsatile secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) accompanied by clearance from serum with a mean half-life of 30.9 +/- 2.3 (mean +/- SE) and 918 +/- 200 min for the first and second compartment, respectively. Serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) was unaffe...

To determine the minimum volume of blood required to transmit human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I), heparinized blood was collected from a virus-infected female rabbit and aliquots of 10, 5, 1, 0.5, 0.1, and 0.01 mL were transfused into groups of two male rabbits each. All 10 rabbits transfused with 10 to 0.1 mL and 1 of 2 rabbits transfused with 0.01 mL seroconverted for HTLV-I after 2 ...

Passive immunization of rats with homologous anti-sheep erythrocyte serum markedly inhibited the primary antibody response to various doses of sheep erythrocytes. Inhibition was "specific" and apparently produced by either "19S" or "7S" antibody to the antigen. Passive immunization inhibited splenic hyperplasia associated with the primary antibody response. Passive immunization 24 hours after a...

INTRODUCTION The enterococci are accountable for up to 20% of all cases of infective endocarditis, with Enterococcus faecalis being the primary causative isolate. Infective endocarditis is a life-threatening infection of the endocardium that results in the formation of vegetations. Based on a literature review, this paper provides an overview of the virulence factors associated with E. faecalis...