During gestation period the oxygenated maternal blood is transferred to embryo via placenta and umbilical cord into right atrium. It further through an interatrial shunt left atrium, Foramen Ovale, distributed embryonic body. The foramen closed after birth, but remains occasionally patent, permitting embolization a shunt. This transferring thrombi, fat, cement bony spikes, air, malignant tissue...

About a quarter of the adult population is known to have a patent foramen ovale, rarely accompanied by the presence of an interatrial septal aneurysm. A patent foramen ovale is found in more than 40% of patients younger than 60 years who had a cryptogenic ischemic stroke. Clinical and echocardiographic parameters allow the identification of patients at high risk of recurrence after a first cryp...

Patent foramen ovale is a congenital cardiac lesion that persists into adulthood and which is present in over 25% of the adult population. Its diagnosis, evaluation and treatment have attracted increasing interest as it has been suggested that it may be associated with various pathologic conditions, such as cryptogenic stroke, platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome, decompression sickness and migraine....

A patient undergoing left ventricular assist had a complicated post-operative course due to a patent foramen ovale. This presented as a right to left shunt with desaturation of the arterial blood, and possibly contributed to paradoxical embolization resulting in neurological complications and death. A method is presented to determine the presence of a patent foramen ovale during left ventricula...

Migraine is one of the most common neurological disorders and one of the most frequent primary headaches. It imposes a significant burden on the affected individuals, society and health care system. As the etiology and pathophysiology of migraine are not well understood, treatment is largely symptomatic. Patent foramen ovale is a remnant of a fetal circulation and is highly prevalent in the gen...

A 40 year-old athletic woman presented with worsening dyspnea on exertion over the preceding several months. Chest radiograph showed borderline cardiomegaly and subsequent echocardiography demonstrated a 5.0-cm left atrial mass as well as left-to-right interatrial shunting through a patent foramen ovale. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was performed, which demonstrated signal characteristics...

Cryptogenic strokes are now thought to comprise about 25% of all ischemic strokes. These unable find a precise mechanism ischemia after standard workup, including transthoracic echocardiography, 12-lead electrocardiogram, inpatient cardiac telemetry monitoring, 24-hour Holter magnetic resonance imaging, and various vascular imaging neck brain arteries. Additional investigation identifies likely...

A 37 year old woman was admitted to the hospital with acute severe asthma, shortly followed by respiratory failure and circulatory arrest. Despite intensive cardio-pulmonary resuscitation, during which extreme arterial hypoxaemia persisted, the patient died. Postmortem examination revealed a patent foramen ovale, with a diameter of 1 cm. A severe right-to-left shunt, initiated by acute pulmonar...

We present the case of a 27-year-old woman who presented to the emergency department with the acute onset of left sided abdominal pain. Initial CT examination showed multiple renal infarcts in the lower pole of the left kidney, and an angiogram showed thrombus in a segmental branch of the left renal artery. Subsequent transesophageal echocardiogram demonstrated a small patent foramen ovale with...