Despite the presence of known mutagens and carcinogens in cigarette smoke, there is currently no evidence to show that smoking, or exposure to cigarette smoke, can result in heritable genetic mutation. We show that male mice exposed to mainstream tobacco smoke (MTS) exhibit a significant increase in germ-line mutation frequency in spermatogonial stem cells. We exposed mature male mice to MTS fo...

Research finds that children who have experienced the incarceration of a parent exhibit higher levels of antisocial behavior. Yet there are reasons to question whether this association is in fact causal, and research that empirically pins down mechanisms that explain any observed association is in high demand. We attempt to better account for unobserved heterogeneity by using children with fath...

Multi-level converter topologies are increasingly being used in various applications due to their high power, voltage, and low harmonic levels the output waveforms. These produce different voltage have a highly modular structure. This paper proposes design of dynamic restorer (DVR) based on multilevel topology enhance profile improve power quality network. The DVR is an effective, fast-acting d...

The parental alleles of an imprinted gene acquire their distinctive methylation patterns at different times in development. For the imprinted RSVIgmyc transgene, methylation of the maternal allele is established in the oocyte and invariably transmitted to the embryo. In contrast, the methylation of the paternal allele originates during embryogenesis. Here, we show that the paternal methylation ...

Experimental evidence from radiation exposure, antimitotic drugs or chemicals such as pesticides or metals does suggest the possibility of transmission of paternally mediated developmental effects across generations. The mechanistic framework is growing with suggestion of transmission of epigenetic modifications as a mechanism alternative to germ-line mutagenesis. There is also ample experiment...

A high-frequency isolated multilevel cascaded-type bipolar direct PWM ac-ac converter is proposed. By cascading N-unit cells, the can produce symmetric voltage gain of ±ND. It does not require a separate ac source for each unit cell, and provide higher output voltages with multiple levels using low-voltage rating devices, decreasing harmonics filtering requirements. Moreover, phase-shift switch...

Paternal influence on twinning was investigated through a study of all the state and church records of Scotland for the period 1800-2000 (nine generations) in relation to one Scottish patronymic - in total 50,000 births. All recorded twins born with the chosen patronymic were identified and their whole paternal ascent and descent on the male line were charted for twins. There were established t...

Mouse genetic studies using Robertsonian and reciprocal translocations have shown that certain autosomal regions of loci are subject to a parental germ line imprint, which renders maternal and paternal copies functionally inequivalent in the embryo or later stages of development. Duplication of maternal or paternal copies with corresponding paternal/maternal deficiencies in chromosomally balanc...