The architecture of an organ’s vascular bed subserves its physiological function and metabolic demands. However, the mechanisms underlying gross vascular patterning remain elusive. Using intravital dye labeling and 3D imaging, we discovered that systems-level vascular patterning in the kidney is dependent on the kinetics of vascular mural cell (VMC) differentiation. Conditional ablation of the ...

Development produces correctly patterned tissues under a wide range of conditions that alter the rate of development in the whole body. We propose two hypotheses through which tissue patterning could be coordinated with whole-body development to generate this robustness. Our first hypothesis states that tissue patterning is tightly coordinated with whole-body development over time. The second h...

Cell patterning has been widely used in research on fundamental cell biology and in applications such as tissue engineering, neuron network formation, cell based biosensor and drug screening. Although various methods have been developed, cell patterning in an enclosed microfluidic device at single cell level remains challenging. This paper describes a microfluidic device with microwells and pro...

In this paper, we report direct patterning of metal nanostructures using an embossed solid electrochemical stamp. Microforming of solid superionic stamps using Si templates--analogous to polymer patterning in nano-imprint lithography--is explored. Silver sulfide (Ag₂S)--a superionic conductor with excellent microforming properties--is investigated as a candidate material. Important parameters o...

The establishment of localized auxin gradients plays a central role in developmental patterning in plants. Auxin levels and responses have been shown to increase with temperature although developmental patterning is not affected. This suggests the existence of a homeostatic mechanism that ensures that patterning occurs normally over a range of temperatures. We recently described the cloning and...

microfabrication applications, it is widely used to transfer the designed patterns from an etching mask to the substrate. When the sample is immersed into the etching bath, the etchant only contacts and reacts with the substrate surfaces where are uncovered by the etching mask. The suitable materials for the mask can be polymers or other materials such as photoresist, SU-8,SiO2 andSi3N4, which ...