In order to maintain the provision of high-quality ecosystem services in wetlands, it is important protect ecosystems through designation protected areas. However, process designating areas can potentially give rise social conflicts or problems by acquisition private lands. As an alternative, institution payments for (PES) be a more viable solution. This study intends propose reasonable contrac...

Tropical land-use change for agricultural expansion is the primary driver of global biodiversity decline. Efforts to stem this decline often focus on protecting pristine habitats or returning farmland forest, yet such approaches fail protect vulnerable taxa reliant within low-intensity farmland. We assess economic viability carbon-based payments ecosystem services (PES) trees and fallowing in G...

Deforestation in tropical regions causes 15% of global anthropogenic carbon emissions and reduces the mitigation potential of carbon sequestration services. A global market failure occurs as the value of many ecosystem services provided by forests is not recognised by the markets. Identifying the contribution of individual countries to tropical carbon stocks and sequestration might help identif...