Torque teno virus (TTV) is prevalent worldwide and has been extensively studied in human and some wild and domestic animals. As the studies on TTV in chickens was rare and there was no information about the infection of domestic village chickens with TTV and also structural resemblance of this virus to chicken anemia virus, the frequency of the infection in domestic village chickens in differen...

The polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) experiment has the characteristics of low-cost, rapidity, simplicity, convenience, high sensitivity and specificity; thus, many small medium laboratories use it to perform all kinds single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyping works, as a molecular biotechnology for disease-related analysis. However, lack ava...

A nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed to detect genomic DNA of Piscirickettsia salmonis, the causative agent of an epizootic disease in salmonids. The nested PCR assay, which used general bacterial 16s rDNA primers in the flrst amplification reaction, and P salmonisspecif~c primers in a second reaction, allowed detection of less than 1 P salmonis tissue culture infect~ous dose ...

The efficacy of six different sets of primers targeted against 16S rRNA and virulence genes such as 'iap', 'hly' and 'prf' was evaluated in separate PCR assays. The primer pairs targeted against 16S rRNA resulted into amplification of 1.2 kb PCR product. However, sets of primers targeted against different regions of 'iap' produced 371 and 660 bp PCR products, respectively. The primer pair targe...

Efficacy of primers capable of amplifying conserved outer membrane protein (OMP) genes i.e., lipL21 and lipL32 of Leptospira strains was tested for rapid and early diagnosis of the leptospirosis using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These OMP genes were found to be conserved in various leptospiral serovars viz., Canicola, Pomona, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Pyrogenes, Sejroe, Grippotyphosa, Ballum ...

Designing primers and probes for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a preliminary and critical step that requires the identification of highly conserved regions in a given set of sequences. This task can be challenging if the targeted sequences display a high level of diversity, as frequently encountered in microbiologic studies. We developed Gemi, an automated, fast, and easy-to-use bioinforma...

Quantitative PCR can often be improved by conducting the amplification with nested primers. First, fewer nonspecific amplification products, which could otherwise interfere with quantitation, are produced. Often, nonspecific products can be eliminated. In these cases, relatively simple nonspecific detection techniques are suitable for quantitation. In addition, nested primer PCR provides intrin...