3 P2P Architectures 3 3.1 Centralized Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3.2 Hybrid Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3.3 Distributed Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.3.1 Unstructured P2P Distributed Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.3.2 Structured P2P Distributed Systems . . . ....

“Peer-to-peer” systems like Napster and Gnutella have recently become popular for sharing information. In this paper, we study the relevant issues and tradeoffs in designing a scalable P2P system. We focus on a subset of P2P systems, known as “hybrid” P2P, where some functionality is still centralized. (In Napster, for example, indexing is centralized, and file exchange is distributed.) We mode...

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) systems allow participants to share their computational, storage, and networking resources to the benefit of every participant. Most P2P systems assume that all participants in the system follow the protocols and observe the system’s fair use policies. However, in a system with open or loosely controlled membership, participants have a self-interest in modifying their behavio...

In view of the theoretical and empirical support for the use of student-generated questions in education and the numerous useful features of network technology, several online student question-generation learning systems with peer-assessment components have been developed. Since most of the similar existing systems were limited in terms of the types of communication modes used in peer-assessmen...

Recent peer-to-peer research has focused on providing efficient hash lookup systems that can be used to build more complex systems. These systems have good properties when their algorithms are executed correctly but have not generally considered how to handle misbehaving nodes. This paper looks at what sorts of security problems are inherent in large peerto-peer systems based on distributed has...

A P2P system based on super-peer overlay shows good features of combining both advantages of hybrid and pure P2P systems. Most P2P applications being developed are based on the overlay networks composed of super-peers. Super-peer is a special peer acting as a server to a cluster of client peers. Selecting super-peers and constructing a super-peer overlay for clustering client peers are importan...

We consider the problem of designing an overlay network and routing mechanism that permits finding resources efficiently in a peer-to-peer system. We argue that many existing approaches to this problem can be modeled as the construction of a random graph embedded in a metric space whose points represent resource identifiers, where the probability of a connection between two nodes depends only o...

Peer-to-peer systems like Napster, Gnutella and Kazaa have recently become popular for sharing information. In this paper, we show how to design peer-to-peer systems within the action systems framework by combining UML diagrams. We present our approach via a case study of stepwise development of a Gnutella-like peer-to-peer system.