the impossibility of qiṣāṣ of father for murdering the child is unanimously agreed upon by the imāmī jursprudents; however, presuming that the father does not directly commit murder of the child and the child inherits the right for qiṣāṣ against the father from the victim of crime, there is disagreement among the jurisprudent as to whether the child can retaliate the father in qiṣāṣ or not. in ...

Proceding from the definition of "severely abnormal development of the personality that can be regarded as pathological" (SAPEK) as defined by Lange in collaboration with the 5th Penal Senate of the supreme court and with reference to the different forms of maldevelopment as categorized by Szewczyk, the author uses his own catamnestic studie to discuss the bounds and frequencies of such abnorma...

Mc'Naughten Rule is die commonest formulation for plea of insanity in most countries. Although assessment of the mental state at the time of offence is difficult, few instruments have been devised for this purpose. In the USA, efforts are being made to abolish the insanity defense and in the United Kingdom, amendments in the provisions of insanity defense have been proposed. The authors have st...

the phrase “hodood that are not mentioned in this code” in article 220 of islamic penal code of 2013 and “shar’i definite tazir” in article 115 of this code are ambiguous from figh and legal viewpoint, then we have to resort to interpretation for recognizing their instances, in this regard, three interpretations are possible, first, restricting “hodood” to six famous types and allocating defini...

Human conditional reasoning is defeasible: people withdraw logically valid conclusions if they are aware of situations (i.e., exceptions) that prevent the consequent of the rule to happen although the antecedent is given. In this paper we investigate defeasible reasoning with quantified rules. In two experiments we rephrased conditionals from the literature (Experiment 1) and rules from penal c...

In the past few months there have been many articles on the risks of Wave-LANs, the wireless computer networks according to the IEEE 802.11 standard [1]. The terms drive-by-hacking and/or war driving are being used. However, so far methodical inquests have concentrated on cryptographic problems [2]. In this article we will explain the significance of these problems in the context of protocol me...

rigorous imprisonment under section 379, Indian Penal Code, (theft), on the same day, and sent into Jail, "in a dying condition," as noted by my predecessor; collapsed, temperature below normal, pulse weak and thready, respiration hurried, unable to answer questions, spleen enlarged, lungs healthy. He was given a mixture containing quinine, tincture of ergot, and laudanum ; also rum and spiritu...