We show that surface swelling is the first step in the interaction of a single femtosecond laser pulse with PMMA. This is followed by perforation of the swollen structure and material ejection. The size of the swelling and the perforated hole increases with pulse energy. After certain energy the swelling disappears and the interaction is dominated by the ablated hole. This behaviour is independ...

BACKGROUND In recent times, it has been proposed to classify endodontic files as single-use items due to a perceived inability to adequately clean the instruments. The purpose of the present study was to quantify the surface debris on files removed from the manufacturer's packaging, and after cleaning using an ultrasonic bath or a thermal disinfector. METHODS Stainless steel and rotary nickel...

A plasma treatment system (200) for implantation with a novel susceptor with a perforated shield (201). The system (200) has a variety of elements such as a chamber in which a plasma is generated in the chamber. The system (200) also has a susceptor disposed in the chamber to support a silicon substrate, which has a surface. The perforated shield (201) draws ions from the implantation toward an...

Complementing single electrode recordings, passive, substrate-integrated thin-film microelectrode arrays (MEAs) have become established tools to investigate spatio-temporal patterns of electrical activity and neuronal interaction in-vitro. In the neurosciences, acute brain slices with accessible and well-preserved neuronal microcircuitry have become the most widespread preparation, that can als...

The current work explores a trial forced convective heat move from rectangular blades on an upward surface at low Reynolds numbers. removal for proper number of punctured and non-punctured fins, fin dividing, length was estimated in air stream fluctuating inlet speed some way or another info power somewhere the range 20W 70W. characteristics are investigated rectangular, circular, V-shape perfo...

BACKGROUND Acute appendicitis is the most common cause of abdominal surgery in children. Adjuncts are used to help clinicians predict acute or perforated appendicitis, which may affect treatment decisions. Automated hematologic analyzers can perform more accurate automated differentials including immature granulocyte percentages (IG%). Elevated IG% has demonstrated improved accuracy for predict...