Phase-change materials (PCM) can be used to reduce thermal stress and improve thermal comfort for workers wearing protective clothing. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of PCM in protective clothing used in simulated work situations. We hypothesized that it would be possible to optimize cooling performance with a design that focuses on careful positioning of PCM, minimizing to...

We describe a prototype high-performance solid-state drive based on first-generation phase-change memory (PCM) devices called Onyx. Onyx has a capacity of 10 GB and connects to the host system via PCIe. We describe the internal architecture of Onyx including the PCM memory modules we constructed and the FPGAbased controller that manages them. Onyx can perform a 4 KB random read in 38 μs and sus...

Phase Change Memory (PCM) has better scalability and smaller cell size comparing to DRAM. However, further scaling PCM cell in deep sub-micron regime results in significant thermal based write disturbance. Naively allocating large inter-cell space increases cell size from ideal 4F 2 to 12F 2. While a recent work mitigates write disturbance along word-lines through disturbance resilient data enc...

This paper presents a novel method to quantitatively characterize the thermal performance of composite materials containing phase change materials (PCM) based on a figure of merit we termed the energy indicator. The method features (i) commonly used specimen geometry, (ii) straightforward experimental implementation, and (iii) sensitivity to relevant design parameters including PCM volume fract...

control room is the heart of each system in which even a minor error can result in irrecoverable consequences. the purpose of this study was to determine the probable control modes (pcms) and cognitive failure probability (cfp), and also build a cognitive demands profile (cdp) in a petrochemical control room, using cognitive reliability and error analysis technique (cream). first, tasks of boar...

Background: Acetaminophen (Paracetamol; PCM), commonly utilized as analgesic and antipyretic drug in many painful and febrile disorders, has been found to induce liver and renal disorders in both animals and humans. Its administration in a high dose causes hepatic and renal toxicities and results in hepato-renal cell deaths by activating multiple stress pathways. Objective: This study aimed to ...

It is found that sub-pixel classifiers for classification of multi-spectral remote sensing data yield a higher accuracy. With this objective, a study has been carried out, where fuzzy set theory based sub-pixel classifiers have been compared with statistical based sub-pixel classifier for classification of multi-spectral remote sensing data.Although, a number of Fuzzy set theory based classifie...

We describe a new architecture for passive robots and haptic displays, which we call a programmable constraint machine (PCM). An n-dof PCM can, under computer control, exhibit constraints (smooth, impenetrable virtual surfaces of dimensionality < n), or it can allow free n-dof motion. At the heart of the PCM is a nonholonomic element, which is used as a continuously variable transmission (CVT)....