Resistance is threatening the effectiveness of insecticide-based interventions in use for malaria control. Pinpointing genes associated with resistance crucial evidence-based management targeting major vectors. Here, a combination RNA-seq based genome-wide transcriptional analysis and RNA-silencing vivo functional validation were used to identify key insecticide DDT DDT/permethrin cross-resista...

The susceptibility of Anopheles minimus s.l., Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus, and Culex quinquefasciatus to insecticide in northern Thailand was monitored by using the WHO standard susceptibility test. Oneto two-day old female mosquitos, which were reared from wild caught females or immature stages, were exposed to discriminating dosages of insecticides for recommended exposure periods, and the ...

Using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-select subtractive cDNA hybridization technique, 18 different genes were isolated from a permethrin-treated versus acetone-treated Aedes aegypti subtractive library. Quantitative PCR (QPCR) results showed that 8 of the 18 gene's transcriptional levels in permethrin-treated Ae. aegypti were at least two-fold higher (ranging from 2.6 +/- 0.5 to 4.8 +/- 0....

Resistance of head lice to insecticides with a neurotoxic mode of action, such as permethrin and malathion, is increasing in incidence and geographic extent. As a consequence, physically acting pediculicidal products have emerged. Dimeticones are synthetic silicone oils of low surface tension and can therefore coat most surfaces, thus also killing head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) by physic...

House flies were collected from dairies across New York state and the levels of resistance to seven insecticides were measured using standard laboratory assays with three to five diagnostic concentrations. The highest levels of resistance were found for tetrachlorvinphos, permethrin and cyfluthrin. Although levels of resistance to methomyl were somewhat lower, they were among the highest ever r...

Resistance to insecticides of larval Culex pipiens populations in Israel has been monitored for ten years and the results were used for control planning. The insecticides tested were the organophosphates chlorpyrifos, fenthion, and temephos and the pyrethroids permethrin and cypermethrin. Over the years the relative resistance (R/R) values to chlorpyrifos in most populations tested were between...

Permethrin resistance in head lice is mainly conferred by the knockdown resistance (kdr) trait, a voltagesensitive sodium channel (VSSC) insensitivity factor. Three VSSC mutations have been identified and confirmed to reduce the sensitivity of VSSC to permethrin. A step-wise resistance monitoring system has been established based on molecular resistance detection techniques. Quantitative sequen...

Numerous studies have shown that German cockroaches, Blattella germanica (L.), are often resistant to insecticides in settings where insecticides have been used extensively in the past. We have now examined resistance in German cockroaches collected in homes in which insecticide usage has been minimal, and resident-initiated at best. Resistance to propoxur, chlorpyrifos, pyrethrins, permethrin,...

Resistance to pyrethroids (the ingredients in bed net insecticides) in the major malaria vector Anopheles funestus is threatening recent gains in the fight against malaria. Here, we established the role of an over-expressed P450, A. funestus CYP6AA1 in insecticides resistance. Transcription profiling of CYP6AA1 across Africa using microarray and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase cha...

background: the german cockroach, blattella germanica l . , is a serious household and public health pest worldwide. con­trol of this species has been very difficult to achieve. toxicity of cypermethrin ec10%, deltamethrin ec5%, diazi­non ec0.5%, lambda-cyhalothrin ec5% and negon® (permethrin+propoxur oil liquid1%) commercial for­mula­tions were investigated against adult males of german cockro...