A selective review is presented of the use of optical, electrical, and electromechanical measurement methodologies of the electric field, charge, conductivity, and permittivity in dielectrics. Kerr electro-optic measurements are presented to demonstrate how volume charge distributions can distort the electric field distribution :significantly and how the field and charge distributions depend on...

The bias-field-dependent dielectricity of ferroelectric thin films is studied by use of a multilayer model capable of modeling saturated and unsaturated hysteresis behavior under arbitrary fields. The simulated minor hysteresis loops at different bias fields are used to calculate the variation of dielectric permittivity with the bias field. The -E loops show asymmetric shifting along the field ...

A novel cavity perturbation technique using coaxial cavity ruonators for the measurement of complex permittivity of liquids is presented. The method employs two types of resonators (Resonator I and Resonator ll). Resonator l operates in the fre­ quency range 600 MHZ-7 CH2 and resonator ll operates in the frequency range 4 Gliz-14 CH2. The introduction of the capillary tube filled wit? the sampl...

A simple, low reflection, and highly-efficient pilot-plant scale microwave irradiation reactor for woody biomass pretreatment was fabricated. Pretreatment is an essential process for effective bioethanol production. The fabricated reactor consists of 8 microwave irradiators which are attached to a metal pipe. The woody biomass mixture which contains water and organic acid flows through the meta...

A brief history of cereal grain moisture measurement by sensing the electrical properties of grain is presented. The basic principles are also described for using radio-frequency (RF) and microwave dielectric properties, or permittivity, of grain for sensing moisture through their correlation with moisture content. The development of density-independent functions of the permittivity is explaine...

The immense potential of colossal permittivity (CP) materials for use in modern microelectronics as well as for high-energy-density storage applications has propelled much recent research and development. Despite the discovery of several new classes of CP materials, the development of such materials with the required high performance is still a highly challenging task. Here, we propose a new el...

Overview of frequency domain measurement techniques of the complex permittivity at microwave frequencies is presented. The methods are divided into two categories: resonant and non-resonant ones. In the first category several methods are discussed such as cavity resonator techniques, dielectric resonator techniques, open resonator techniques and resonators for non-destructive testing. The gener...

We investigated the dielectric relaxation process in high-dielectric constant polymer composite films filled with barium titanate particles. In order to extend the dielectric measurements to the microwave range, we employed a new broadband measurement technique where a thin film capacitance terminating a coaxial waveguide is treated as a transmission line. The complex permittivity, measured at ...

Dielectric nonlinear response of (PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3)0.9(PbTiO3)0.1 (0.9PMN0.1PT) relaxor ceramics was investigated under different ac drive voltages. It was observed that: (i) the dielectric permittivity is independent on ac field amplitude at high temperatures; (ii) with increasing ac drive, the permittivity maximum increases, and the temperature of the maximum shifts to lower temperature; (iii) ...