A previously undetected Bacillus subtilis aspartokinase isozyme, which we have called aspartokinase III, has been characterized. The new isozyme was most readily detected in extracts of cells grown with lysine, which repressed aspartokinase II and induced aspartokinase III, or in extracts of strain VS11, a mutant lacking aspartokinase II. Antibodies against aspartokinase II did not cross-react ...

The goal of this study was to define Na,K-ATPase α and β subunit isoform expression and isozyme composition in colorectal cancer cells and liver metastases. The α1, α3, and β1 isoforms were the most highly expressed in tumor cells and metastases; in the plasma membrane of non-neoplastic cells and mainly in a cytoplasmic location in tumor cells. α1β1 and α3β1 isozymes found in tumor and metastat...

It is well established that the gills of teleost fish contain substantial levels of cytoplasmic carbonic anhydrase (CA), but it is unclear which CA isozyme(s) might be responsible for this activity. The objective of the current study was to determine if branchial CA activity in rainbow trout was the result of a general cytoplasmic CA isozyme, with kinetic properties, tissue distribution and phy...

By employing a pharmacological approach, we have shown that phospholipase C (PLC) activity is involved in the regulation of gene expression of transcription factors such as c-Fos and c-Jun in cardiomyocytes in response to norepinephrine (NE). However, there is no information available regarding the identity of specific PLC isozymes involved in the regulation of c-Fos and c-Jun or on the involve...

We have previously identified three types of protein kinase C (a Ca2+-activated phospholipid-dependent kinase) isozymes, designated types I, II, and III, from rat brain (Huang, K.-P., Nakabayashi, H., and Huang, F. L. (1986) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 83, 8535-8539). These enzymes are different in their elution profile from hydroxylapatite column, sites of autophosphorylation, and immunore...

Two isozymes of the Na,K-ATPase are made in the brain and retina. Antisera have been produced that contain antibodies specific for each of the catalytic subunits of the two isozymes, alpha and alpha(+) (Sweadner & Gilkeson, 1985a). To determine which classes of cells express which form of the Na,K-ATPase, and whether cells can express both forms, the antisera were used to stain sections of the ...

We have characterized a new psychrotrophic Arthrobacter isolate which produces beta-galactosidase isozymes. When DNA from this isolate was transformed into an Escherichia coli host, we obtained three different fragments, designated 12, 14, and 15, each encoding a different beta-galactosidase isozyme. The beta-galactosidase produced from fragment 12 was of special interest because the protein su...

Alterations in multiple molecular forms of enzymes have been described during normal embryogenesis. Changes in electrophoretic patterns, which differ from the normal isozyme ontogeny, occur in embryos and their yolk-sacs during incipient maldevelopment secondary to teratogen exposure. One such isozyme change, in response to a teratogenic regimen using 9-methyl pteroylglutamic acid (PGA), is per...

Isozymes are enzymes with different molecular forms due to the differences in amino acid residues and exhibits same catalytic activity. Isozymes were also reported as biochemical genetic markers and widely used to study genetic diversity in plants. Differential expression of isozymes has attributed with different developmental stages, tissue specificity, stress factors etc. Accordingly, the exp...

Excessive cytokine inflammatory response due to chronic or superphysiological level of microbial infection during pregnancy leads to pregnancy complications such as early pregnancy defects/loss and preterm birth. Bacterial toxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS), long recognized as a potent proinflammatory mediator, has been identified as a risk factor for pregnancy complications. Alkaline phosphatase (...