BACKGROUND A clinical outcome tool is needed for the assessment of young athletes with low back pain. OBJECTIVES To translate and culturally adapt the Micheli functional scale (MFS), a self-report questionnaire developed to evaluate young athletes with low back pain (LBP) into Persian language and examine the reliability and validity of the Persian MFS (PMFS). MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-...

OBJECTIVE To develop an intervention procedure for spelling difficulties and to verify the effectiveness of the intervention program in students with lower spelling performance. METHOD We developed an intervention program for spelling difficulties, according to the semiology of the errors. The program consisted of three modules totaling 16 sessions. The study included 40 students of the third...

We examined testing's ability to enhance adult spelling acquisition, relative to copying and reading. Across 3 experiments in which testing with feedback was compared with copying, the spelling improvement after testing matched that following the same amount of time spent copying. A potent testing advantage, however, was observed for spelling words free-recalled. In the fourth experiment, a lar...

This paper is an attempt to exclusively focus on investigating the pivot language technique in which a bridging language is utilized to increase the quality of the Persian–Spanish low-resource Statistical Machine Translation (SMT). In this case, English is used as the bridging language, and the Persian–English SMT is combined with the English–Spanish one, where the relatively large corpora of e...

In this paper, we describe a multilingual open-source computational grammar of Persian, developed in Grammatical Framework (GF) – A type-theoretical grammar formalism. We discuss in detail the structure of different syntactic (i.e. noun phrases, verb phrases, adjectival phrases, etc.) categories of Persian. First, we show how to structure and construct these categories individually. Then we des...

One of the important actions in the processing of languages is part-of-speech tagging. Against of this importance, although numerous models have been presented in different languages but there is few works have been done in Persian language. In this paper, a part-of-speech tagging system on Persian corpus by using hidden Markov model is proposed. Achieving to this goal, the main aspects of Pers...

Statistical analysis of spelling error trends in a language plays important role in automatic spelling error detection and correction. Comprehensive statistical analysis of spelling error trends for Sindhi is still subject of research. This research study identifies and analyses the spelling error trends in Sindhi. The statistical analysis of error trends is based on a real time corpus collecte...

Orthographic spelling is a major difficulty in German-speaking children with dyslexia. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an orthographic spelling training in spelling-disabled students (grade 5 and 6). In study 1, ten children (treatment group) received 15 individually administered weekly intervention sessions (60 min each). A control group (n = 4) did not receiv...

INTRODUCTION The Dysphagia Handicap Index (DHI) is one of the instruments used for measuring a dysphagic patient's self-assessment. In some ways, it reflects the patient's quality of life. Although it has been recognized and widely applied in English speaking populations, it has not been used in its present forms in Persian speaking countries. The purpose of this study was to adapt a Persian ve...