OBJECTIVES The relevance of the construct optimism in health psychology has been convincingly demonstrated in numerous studies. Population-based studies about dispositional optimism and the psychometric properties of the Life Orientation Test LOT-R as well as population-based norms are lacking. DESIGN A representative population survey in Germany was conducted to investigate psychometric prop...

The psychological well-being of fathers of children with developmental disabilities remains poorly understood. The present study examined depressive symptoms, pessimism, and coping in fathers of adolescents and young adults with Down syndrome (DS; n = 59), autism spectrum disorders (ASDs; n = 135), and Fragile X syndrome (n = 46). Fathers of sons or daughters with ASDs reported a higher level o...

T he discussion surrounding the recent deep recession seems to have shifted the focus from currently used business cycle models to the standard Keynesian model (by which we mean the “old Keynesian,” as opposed to the new Keynesian, model). In the Keynesian model, pessimism among consumers and investors about the economy will simultaneously lower aggregate consumption and aggregate investment, a...

BACKGROUND We assessed the association between medical illness burden and anxiety symptoms, hypothesizing that greater illness burden would be associated with symptoms of anxiety, and that optimism would buffer, while pessimism would exacerbate, this relationship. METHODS We recruited 109 older adults, aged 65 years and older, from primary care and geriatric clinics to participate in this cro...

Games of chance usually make people feel a whirlwind emotions, especially in gambling. While those games depend more on luck than individuals’ skills, optimism should be distinctive feature. Considering the classic literature effects religiosity risk behaviors, issue influence players has been less studied, when we considered as multidimensional concept comprising intrinsic and extrinsic pessim...

Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between social media addiction and optimism/pessimism among adolescents. Using a descriptive design, was conducted with 231 high school students. A “Descriptive Data Form,” “Social Media Addiction Scale for Adolescents” “Optimism-Pessimism were used as data collection tools. students’ mean score on Social calculated be 15.29±2.42 acc...

Artificial agents do not exist in the world in solitude. They are required to interact with others, and thus must reason in some fashion about those they interact with. This paper presents a view of trust which artificial agents can use to help in such reasoning processes, providing them with a means to judge possible future behaviour on the basis of past experience. The paper discusses the not...

This paper considers the impact of ambiguity in strategic situations. It extends the existing literature on games with ambiguity-averse players by allowing for optimistic responses to ambiguity. We use the CEU model of ambiguity with a class of capacities introduced by Jaffray and Philippe (1997), which allows us to distinguish ambiguity from ambiguity-attitude, and propose a new solution conce...