Epidemiological studies have indicated that in the 1980s and early 1990s (a period in which petrol lead concentrations in South Africa ranged from 0.836 to 0.4 g/L), large proportions of urban South African children were at risk of excessive exposure to environmental lead. In 1991, when the maximum permissible petrol lead concentration in the country equaled 0.4 g/L, a study determined that the...

This paper reports a study of ongoing social activities at a petrol station. Petrol stations constitute a nexus for mobility. Through ethnographic observations the author tests how the continuous flow of vehicles, commodities, money, and people are sustained and made accountable. The fieldwork demonstrates that, despite its transitory character, the petrol station offers a wide spectrum of `dur...

PURPOSE To determine the effect of petrol exposure on DNA integrity in peripheral blood lymphocytes among petrol attendants and a non-exposed comparison population. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 101 fuel station employees and 50 office-based non-exposed workers in Durban, South Africa. Participants were interviewed using a validated questionnaire. Genomic DNA was extracted from ...

Lead (Pb) in petrol has been banned in developed countries. Despite the control of Pb in petrol since 2001, high levels were reported in the blood of pregnant women and children in Pakistan. However, the identification of sources of Pb has been elusive due to its pervasiveness. In this study, we assessed the lead intake of pregnant women and one- to three-year-old children from food, water, hou...

In this research injector, cleaner, and camphor were blended with premium motor spirit (PMS). Physicochemical properties effects on performance exhaust emission spark ignition engines investigated. Samples injector cleaner show the best physicochemical as compared to sole petrol samples having a density of 0.72706kg/m2 (I5), flashpoint 47oC by sample (I5, I10, I15,) 48oC I25, 1.7 viscosity, ana...

A survey was conducted between 1995 and 1997 to assess the impact of introduction of unleaded petrol and other public health measures on the blood lead level of the population. The geometric mean blood lead level of 269 government employees as determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy, was 66.0 microg/l, much lower than that recorded before introduction of lead-free petrol. ...

The aim of the present study is to investigate effect Intake air temperature on performance gasoline engines. Various factors are taken that affect four-stroke Changes in intake have a significant impact petrol engine. Consequently, an increase or decrease global ambient will and quality engines particular. therefore, this investigation discover hot value temperatures effects engine performance...