We introduce “CP trajectory diagram in bi-probability space” as a powerful tool for pictorial representation of the genuine CP and the matter effects in neutrino oscillations. Existence of the correlated ambiguity in a determination of CP violating phase δ and the sign of ∆m213 is uncovered. Principles of tuning beam energy for a given baseline distance are proposed to resolve the ambiguity and...

In GPS data processing it is not uncommon to eliminate the presence of ionospheric delays by taking certain linear combinations of the carrier phase data. This approach is in fact equivalent with a processing of the original, not combined, L1 and L2 phase observations in which the ionospheric delays are modelled as unknown parameters. When using phase data only, the presence of the unknown iono...

High precision relative GPS positioning is based on the very precise carrier phase measurements. In order to achieve high precision results within a short observation time span, the integer nature of the GPS double difference ambiguities has to be exploited. In this contribution we concentrate on the integer ambiguity estimation, which is one of the steps in the procedure for parameter estimati...

Abstract An unwritten rule to resolve GNSS ambiguities in precise point positioning (PPP-AR) is that users should follow faithfully the frequency choices and observable combinations mandated by satellite clock phase bias providers. Switching other frequencies of measurements requires clocks be converted, albeit a roundabout way, agree with new code biases. Satellite biases, on hand, are prescri...

Direction finding systems applying phase interferometer of long baseline gives high accuracy the angle arrival measurements; however, they are suffering from ambiguity and error due to antenna spacing greater than half wavelength intercepted signals. In this paper, simple two-antenna system has been adopted with zero-crossing technique used solve measurement ambiguities in processing unit. The ...

This paper summaries our recent work on the application of the concepts of capacity per unit cost and reliability function per unit cost to models of fading channels. The cost is taken to be the energy, or a certain fourth moment functional that is sensitive to the bursti-ness of the signals, and is related to the ambiguity function of the input signal. The channel is assumed to be a Wide-Sense...