Peripheral cells from mammalian tissues, while perfectly capable of circadian rhythm generation, are not light sensitive and thus have to be entrained by nonphotic cues. Feeding time is the dominant zeitgeber for peripheral mammalian clocks: Daytime feeding of nocturnal laboratory rodents completely inverts the phase of circadian gene expression in many tissues, including liver, heart, kidney, ...

BACKGROUND The peripheral circadian clock in mice is entrained not only by light-dark cycles but also by daily restricted feeding schedules. Behavioral and cell culture experiments suggest an increase in glucose level as a factor in such feeding-induced entrainment. For application of feeding-induced entrainment in humans, nutrient content and dietary variations should be considered. PRINCIPA...

An experiment was conducted to examine the effect of the nursery feeding program on subsequent growth performance, carcass quality, meat quality, and physical and chemical body composition of growing-finishing pigs. Four dietary treatments were used in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments based on diet complexity (Complex vs. Simple) and in-feed antibiotics (2,730 [+AB] vs. 0 [-AB] mg of...

Herbivory defense systems in plants are largely regulated by jasmonate-(JA) and salicylate-(SA) signaling pathways. Such defense mechanisms may impact insect feeding dynamic, may also affect the transmission-acquisition relationship among virus, plants and vectoring insects. In the context of the tomato - whitefly - Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV) biological model, we tested the impact of...

Few vertebrates capture prey in both the aquatic and the terrestrial environment due to the conflicting biophysical demands of feeding in water versus air. The Atlantic mudskipper (Periophthalmus barbarus) is known to be proficient at feeding in the terrestrial environment and feeds predominately in this environment. Given the considerable forward flow of water observed during the mouth-opening...

Background: Erythromycin production often has concern with the consumption rate of amino nitrogen and phosphate, especially in the early fermentation phase. The dynamic regulation of nitrogen and phosphorus was put forward based on the comprehensive analysis of the contents of phosphorus and nitrogen in different nitrogen sources as well as the relations between nitrogen consumption and phospho...

Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) has recently been proposed as both a central stimulator and an inhibitor of food intake. To clarify its role, we investigated the effects of MCH and the prepro-MCH-derived peptide neuropeptide E-I injected intracerebroventricularly (icv) in rats. MCH (0.15-15 micrograms) was injected icv at the beginning of the light phase. Food intake at 2 h showed a dose-de...

One of the most intensively examined and abundantly documented structures in the animal world is insect mouthparts. Major structural types of extant insect mouthparts are extensive, consisting of diverse variations in element structure within each of the five mouthpart regions•labrum, hypopharynx, mandibles, maxillae, and labium. Numerous instances of multielement fusion both within and among m...