The use of microbial catalysts in the biodegradation of organic compounds has advanced significantly during the past three decades. It has been found that large numbers of microbes co-exist in almost all natural environments, particularly in soils. Many natural and synthetic organic chemicals are readily biodegradable in natural environment. Biodegradation of materials involve initial proximity...

The present study analyses the potential of acid treated chitosan for simultaneous co-adsorptive removal of phenol and cyanide from a binary waste water solution. The effects of parameters like pH, temperature, initial concentration, adsorbent dose, and adsorbent size were studied. At an optimum pH of 8, temperature of 300C, initial phenol and cyanide concentration of 200 mg/L and 20 mg/L respe...

condensation reaction of urea, casein and formaldehyde in the presence of varying proportion of resorcinol under alkaline condition. All the prepared resins were characterized by free-formaldehyde content, free-phenol content, viscosity measurements and infrared spectroscopy (IR). The resin samples were cured isothermally at 120oC using two different curing agents, p-toluene sulphonic acid (PTS...

Interactions between poly(ethy1ene oxide) and phenol-formaldehyde resin play important roles in the mechanism by which the two polvmers improve fibre retention in the papermaking process. These were investigated at the concentration level and shear conditions found in this vrocess. The results indicste that the comvlex formed varies with pH and ionic strength over a very narrow range of conditi...

Lignin is readily available as a by-product from the pulp and paper industry. It is considered to be a promising substitute for phenol in phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin synthesis, given the increasing concerns of the shortage of fossil resources and the environmental impact from petroleum-based products. One hurdle that prevents the commercial utilization of lignin is its low reactivity due to ...

Mammalian herbivores are predicted to regulate concentrations of ingested plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) in the blood by modifying the size and frequency of feeding bouts. It is theorized that meal size is limited by a maximum tolerable concentration of PSMs in the blood, such that meal size is predicted to decrease as PSM concentration increases. We investigated the relationship between PS...

An ultrasonic sensor has been developed to monitor photoresist processing in situ during semiconductor manufacturing. Photoresist development, pre-exposure bake, and postexposure bake were monitored for the Shipley 1800 series I-line resists, and the pre-exposure bake of Shipley APEX-E deep-uv (DUV) resist was monitored as well. Development monitoring was achieved by measuring thickness changes...

This paper presents the results of a Forest Products Laboratory study regarding the effects of resin content, particle size, and molding pressure upon specific gravity, strength, and water absorption of hardboard products made of wood waste treated with powdered phenolic resin. Modulus of rupture in bending was found to vary approximately as the cube of specific gravity, whereas water absorptio...

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of the resin solid content, catalyst content, and pH value obtained by the addition of two kinds of catalysts on the gel time of a urea–formaldehyde (UF) resin. Upon the addition of ammonium chloride, the pH value of the resin mixture decreased to 7 but not significantly further because of the limited free formaldehyde in the system. The pH...

An isolated yeast strain was grown aerobically on phenol as a sole carbon source up to 24 mM; the rate of degradation of phenol at 30 degrees C was greater than other microorganisms at the comparable phenol concentrations. This microorganism was further identified and is designated Candida albicans TL3. The catabolic activity of C. albicans TL3 for degradation of phenol was evaluated with the K...