Remote sensing was applied for the collection of spatio-temporal data to increase our understanding of the potential distribution of the kala-azar vector Phlebotomus argentipes in endemic areas of the Vaishali district of Bihar, India. We produced monthly distribution maps of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) based on data from the thematic mapper (TM) sensor onboard the Landsat...

M. B., Muslim female, aged 25 years, wife of a doctor and sister of a doctor, on my friendly visit to her family on Gth April, 1942, told me that she had been having a slight temperature between 99? and 100?F. for four days. She had no other complaint except a little pain in the abdomen, especially in both subcostal regions. I told her not to worry, thinking that it was only an attack of sandfl...

In a survey carried out during the summer in 2002 and 2003, in the canine and vulpine leishmaniasis focus of Arrabida, 665 phlebotomine sandflies were caught. 13.83% were P. ariasi, 58.65% P. pemiciosus, 0.45% P. sergenti and 27.07% S. minuta. Despite the low abundance, the finding of the three adults P. sergenti (two males in Aldeia Grande and one female in Quinta da Ramada) confirm the coloni...

BACKGROUND Cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania major is a serious and increasing problem affecting many rural areas of 17 out of 31 provinces in Iran. Little is known about sand fly fauna and leishmaniases in Eastern Iran and no study has been carried out in Sarbisheh County. The aim of this study was to determine sand flies composition and probable Leishmania infection to find the probab...

The Algarve Region (AR) in southern Portugal, which is an international tourist destination, has been considered an endemic region of zoonotic leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum since the 1980s. In the present study, phlebotomine and canine surveys were conducted to identify sandfly blood meal sources and to update the occurrence of Leishmania infection in vectors and dogs. Four sandfl...

An account of nine Agarics, namely, Macrolepiota procera, M. rhacodes. Lepiota leprica, L. holospilota, Coprinus comatus, C. plicatilis, C. scobicola, C. disseminatus and C. flocculosus, were collected from different localities that is Noor city of Mazandaran, Maragheh city of East Azarbaijan and Karaj and Varamin cities of Tehran province are described in details. Species namely Lepiota lepric...