Lipopolysaccharide was prepared from the extracellular lipoglycopeptide produced by the lysine-requiring mutant Escherichia coli A.T.C.C. 12408 grown under lysine-limiting conditions. The lipid moiety, containing glucosamine phosphate and four fatty acids (lauric acid, myristic acid, beta-hydroxymyristic acid and palmitic acid) corresponded in composition to lipid A of known bacterial lipopolys...

Cytotoxicity of Calcium Phosphate Crystals and Human-Derived Nanoparticles: An Overlooked Link To the Editor: In a recent communication, Ewence et al reported that calcium phosphate crystals induced cell death in human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells. Explicitly, crystals of approximately 1 m in diameter caused rapid rises in intracellular calcium concentration, their potency depending on t...

Calcium phosphate precipitation obtained from aqueous solutions at room and body temperature and pH 5.5-7.5 were investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), transmission electron diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Supersaturated solutions of calcium phosphates were prepared by different methods of mixing of the stock soluti...

Chitosan-based nanogels have been widely applied as drug delivery vehicles. Spray-drying of said nanogels allows for the preparation of dry powder nano-embedded microparticles. In this work, chitosan-based nanogels composed of chitosan, alginate, and/or sodium tri-penta phosphate were investigated, particularly with respect to the impact of composition on the resulting physicochemical propertie...

The mono-, di-, tri-, and tetranucleotides resulting from complete ribonuclease T1 (1) digests of ribonucleic acid have been described in preceding papers (2, 3). More recently, buffers containing 7 M urea (4) were shown to facilitate greatly the fractionation of oligonucleotides according to chain length at neutral pH (5). Rechromatography in urea-containing buffers at pH 2.7 was found to reso...

Materials with disordered structures have a crucial role in the rapid development of new technologies. Improvement of these materials for particular application, as well as preparation of novel composites is based on a thorough understanding of the basic mechanisms of charge carrier transport. Among various classes of structurally disordered materials, a family of iron phosphate glasses attract...

Several minor pepsinogens, present in extracts of bovine fundic mucosa obtained from the fourth stomach or abomasum, were separated from the main pepsinogen by chromatography on hydroxyapatite at pH7.3. The major pepsinogen and two of these minor pepsinogens were studied in detail. All three zymogens have N-terminal Ser-Val-, C-terminal -Val-Ala and not more than 1mol of glucose/mol of protein;...

Background: Essential oil content and composition in medicinal and aromatic plants is highly affected by both biotic and abiotic factors. Objective: To investigate the effects of drought stress, zeolite and bio-fertilizers on morphological characteristics and essential oil constituents in Dracocephalum moldavica L. Methods: This experiment was conducted in the form of split factorial based on...

A protein of subunit Mr 34,000 (corrected here and subsequently to 36,000) has been isolated from a muscle homogenate which catalyzes the formation of the triad junction from isolated transverse tubules and terminal cisternae. This protein is identified as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase on the basis of N-terminal amino acid sequence, amino acid composition, and enzymic activity. The o...

The effect of water on the transient kinetics decomposition reaction zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) additive has been investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Water was found to have a long-lasting detrimental ZDDP triboreactive film layers by changing their composition depending proximity metal surface. Particularly, impeded polymerisation in top layers, which results for...