In this work, we demonstrate improved molecular detection sensitivity for silicon slab photonic crystal cavities by introducing multiple-hole defects (MHDs), which increase the surface area available for label-free detection without degrading the quality factor. Compared to photonic crystals with L3 defects, adding MHDs into photonic crystal cavities enabled a 44% increase in detection sensitiv...

The transmissivity within the photonic band gap of two-dimensional photonic crystals of macroporous silicon is reported as a function of crystal thickness. Measurements were carried out for crystals of nominally 1, 2, 3, and 4 crystal layers using a commercial parametric source, with a wavelength tunable from 3 to 5 mm. For wavelengths well within the 3–5 mm photonic band gap, attenuation of ap...

Three-dimensional helical photonic crystals are attractive for chiral metamaterial devices that mix electrical and magnetic responses. In chiral metamaterials, the refractive index for propagation of light along the axis of the helix is different as the handedness of the circular polarization is parallel or antiparallel to the chiral axis. The refractive index is increased for one circular pola...

A relatively simple technique is demonstrated to fabricate three-dimensional face-centered-cubic infrared photonic crystals with submicron feature sizes using GaAs-based technology, single-step epitaxial growth, and lateral wet oxidation. The photonic crystals were fabricated with feature sizes ~a! of 1.5 and 0.5 mm. Transmission measurements reveal a stopband centered at 1.0 mm with a maximum ...

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Photonic nanocrystals are periodic dielectric or metallic structures having photonic bands in analogy to electronic bands of semiconductors. The presence of photonic band-gaps, where the propagation of photons of certain frequencies is prohibited, and the variety of photon dispersions give rise to novel and unusual optical phenomena. Consequently, photonic crystals are now envisaged as an essen...

We demonstrate the existence of self-consistent Bloch modes in resonant nonlinear photonic crystals with a complex, intensity-dependent, and frequency-dependent dielectric function. Such a dielectric response may arise by "doping" the photonic crystal with resonant quantum dots, atomic impurities, or other two-level light emitters. These exact solutions of the nonlinear electromagnetic wave equ...

Three-dimensional photonic crystals are attractive for very compact waveguide devices. A novel interferometric lithography technique for fabricating three-dimensional photonic crystals is presented, which allows for independent dimensional control of each axis of the crystal. Previous interferometric approaches using 3, 4, 5, or more beams have inherent constraints between the lattice constants...

We demonstrate, for what is believed to be the first time, the design of diamondlike photonic crystals made by holographic lithography based on five-beam interference. All five beams are launched from the same half-space, and the exposure can easily be realized by a single diffractive optical element. The photonic structure can be constructed through the translation of the interference pattern ...

A review of the properties of silicon-based two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals is given, essentially infinite 2D photonic crystals made from macroporous silicon and photonic crystal slabs based on silicon-on-insulator basis. We discuss the bulk photonic crystal properties with particular attention to the light cone and its impact on the band structure. The application for wave guiding is di...